PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI BISNIS MELALUI ONLINE DI ERA GLOBALISASI

Z, ELYZA. (2026) PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI BISNIS MELALUI ONLINE DI ERA GLOBALISASI. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi informasi mendorong pergeseran transaksi bisnis dari sistem konvensional ke transaksi elektronik berbasis platform digital. Perubahan ini menghadirkan karakteristik baru dalam hubungan hukum antara pelaku usaha dan konsumen, terutama karena tidak adanya interaksi langsung serta adanya ketimpangan informasi yang berpotensi merugikan konsumen. Perlindungan hukum menjadi penting untuk menjamin kepastian hukum, keamanan transaksi, dan keseimbangan kedudukan para pihak. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori perlindungan hukum dan teori kepastian hukum untuk menilai sejauh mana regulasi yang ada mampu memberikan jaminan keadilan dan kepastian bagi konsumen dalam transaksi digital. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan fokus pada kajian norma hukum positif. Pendekatan yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan perundang- undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Bahan hukum terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, khususnya Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang- Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur dan jurnal ilmiah. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Penelitian ini berorientasi pada perumusan rekomendasi pembaruan hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 telah memperkuat dasar hukum transaksi elektronik, terutama terkait pengakuan dokumen dan kontrak elektronik serta peran penyelenggara sistem elektronik. Namun, perlindungan konsumen masih menghadapi kendala, seperti ketidakjelasan tanggung jawab antara pelaku usaha dan penyelenggara sistem elektronik, perlindungan data pribadi yang belum optimal, dan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang belum adaptif. Selain itu, masih terdapat ketidaksinkronan antar regulasi, sehingga diperlukan harmonisasi aturan, penguatan pengawasan, dan peningkatan literasi hukum masyarakat. Kata kunci: perlindungan konsumen, transaksi bisnis online, kepastian hukum, undang-undang informasi dan transaksi elektronik, hukum transaksi elektronik. / The development of information technology has driven a shift in business transactions from conventional systems to electronic transactions based on digital platforms. This change introduces new characteristics in the legal relationship between businesses and consumers, particularly due to the absence of direct interaction and the existence of information asymmetries that could potentially harm consumers. Legal protection is essential to ensure legal certainty, transaction security, and a balanced relationship between the parties. This study employs legal protection theory and legal certainty theory to assess the extent to which existing regulations can provide guarantees of justice and certainty for consumers in digital transactions. This study is a normative legal study focusing on the analysis of positive legal norms. The approaches used include statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. The legal materials consist of primary legal sources, specifically Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection and Law No. 1 of 2024 on the Second Amendment to the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions, as well as secondary legal sources in the form of literature and scientific journals. Data were collected through a literature review and analyzed qualitatively. This study is focused on proposing recommendations for legal reform The research findings indicate that the amendments in Law No. 1 of 2024 have strengthened the legal foundation for electronic transactions, particularly regarding the recognition of electronic documents and contracts as well as the role of electronic system operators. However, consumer protection still faces challenges, such as unclear liability between business agents and electronic system operators, lack of adequate personal data protection, and ineffective dispute resolution mechanisms. Additionally, there remains a lack of synchronization between regulations, requiring harmonization of rules, strengthening of supervision, and the improvement of public legal literacy. Keywords: Consumer Protection; Online Business Transactions; Legal Certainty; Electronic Information and Transactions Law; Electronic Transaction Law.

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