PERAN RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA BERBADAN HUKUM PERSEROAN TERBATAS DALAM MENYEIMBANGKAN FUNGSI SOSIAL DENGAN TUJUAN PERSEROAN TERBATAS BERDASARKAN UU NOMOR 40 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PERSEROAN TERBATAS DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN

SITORUS, HERBERT (2026) PERAN RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA BERBADAN HUKUM PERSEROAN TERBATAS DALAM MENYEIMBANGKAN FUNGSI SOSIAL DENGAN TUJUAN PERSEROAN TERBATAS BERDASARKAN UU NOMOR 40 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PERSEROAN TERBATAS DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Perkembangan rumah sakit swasta berbadan hukum perseroan terbatas di Indonesia menunjukkan adanya perubahan orientasi dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan kesehatan, dari yang semula lebih dominan berbasis sosial menjadi berorientasi pada pengelolaan usaha dan keuntungan. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan persoalan hukum terkait keseimbangan antara fungsi sosial rumah sakit sebagai institusi pelayanan publik dengan tujuan perseroan terbatas yang secara yuridis berorientasi pada profit. Di sisi lain, Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, khususnya Pasal 28H ayat (1) dan Pasal 34 ayat (3), menegaskan bahwa kesehatan merupakan hak konstitusional warga negara dan negara bertanggung jawab menyediakan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang layak. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengkaji peran rumah sakit swasta berbadan hukum perseroan terbatas dalam menjalankan fungsi sosialnya serta menganalisis implementasi fungsi sosial tersebut dalam perspektif keadilan sebagai tujuan hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dengan menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur, jurnal ilmiah, dan dokumen hukum yang relevan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan menitikberatkan pada analisis normatif terhadap pengaturan rumah sakit, perseroan terbatas, serta konsep fungsi sosial dan keadilan dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumah sakit swasta berbadan hukum perseroan terbatas memiliki karakter ganda, yaitu sebagai entitas bisnis yang berorientasi pada keuntungan dan sebagai institusi pelayanan kesehatan yang tetap dibebani fungsi sosial. Dalam praktiknya, orientasi profit seringkali berpotensi menimbulkan ketimpangan akses pelayanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat tidak mampu apabila tidak diimbangi dengan pengawasan dan regulasi yang memadai. Namun demikian, sistem hukum Indonesia melalui Undang-Undang Rumah Sakit, Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas, serta prinsip konstitusional dalam UUD NRI Tahun 1945 telah memberikan dasar normatif agar rumah sakit tetap menjalankan fungsi sosialnya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keseimbangan antara tujuan perseroan dan fungsi sosial hanya dapat diwujudkan melalui harmonisasi regulasi, penguatan pengawasan negara, serta penerapan prinsip keadilan substantif dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan kesehatan, sehingga rumah sakit tidak semata-mata dipandang sebagai entitas ekonomi, tetapi juga sebagai institusi yang bertanggung jawab mewujudkan hak masyarakat atas pelayanan kesehatan yang adil dan layak/The development of private hospitals incorporated as limited liability companies in Indonesia reflects a shift in the orientation of healthcare services, from predominantly social-based institutions toward business and profit-oriented management. This condition gives rise to legal issues concerning the balance between the social function of hospitals as public service institutions and the objectives of limited liability companies, which juridically are profit-oriented entities. On the other hand, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, particularly Article 28H paragraph (1) and Article 34 paragraph (3), affirms that health is a constitutional right of every citizen and that the state is responsible for providing proper healthcare facilities. Therefore, this research examines the role of private hospitals incorporated as limited liability companies in carrying out their social functions and analyzes the implementation of such functions from the perspective of justice as a legal purpose. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The data used consist of secondary data, including primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection was conducted through library research by examining legislation, legal documents, scientific journals, and relevant literature. The data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method with an emphasis on normative analysis of regulations concerning hospitals, limited liability companies, as well as the concepts of social function and justice within the Indonesian legal system. The findings indicate that private hospitals incorporated as limited liability companies possess a dual character, namely as business entities oriented toward profit and as healthcare institutions burdened with social responsibilities. In practice, profit orientation often has the potential to create inequality in access to healthcare services for underprivileged communities if not balanced by adequate supervision and regulation. Nevertheless, the Indonesian legal system, through the Hospital Law, the Limited Liability Company Law, and constitutional principles embodied in the 1945 Constitution, has provided a normative foundation to ensure that hospitals continue to perform their social functions. This research concludes that a balance between corporate objectives and social functions can only be achieved through regulatory harmonization, strengthened state supervision, and the implementation of substantive justice principles in healthcare services. Accordingly, hospitals should not merely be viewed as economic entities, but also as institutions responsible for realizing the public’s right to fair and proper healthcare services.

Item Type: Thesis (S2)
Contributors:
ContributionContributorsNIDN/NIDKEmail
Thesis advisorPanjaitan, HulmanNUPTK7252746647130103UNSPECIFIED
Thesis advisorWidiarty, Wiwik SriNUPTK4259743644230083UNSPECIFIED
Subjects: LAW
LAW > Religious law in general. Comparative religious law. Jurisprudence
LAW > Law of nations
Divisions: PROGRAM PASCASARJANA > Magister Ilmu Hukum
Depositing User: Mr HERBERT SITORUS
Date Deposited: 17 Jul 2026 09:52
Last Modified: 17 Jul 2026 09:52
URI: http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/22636

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