Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dalam Praktik Curang (Fraud) Penjualan Minyak Goreng (Minyakita)

Manurung, Eprina (2025) Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dalam Praktik Curang (Fraud) Penjualan Minyak Goreng (Minyakita). S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Minyak goreng Minyakita, sebagai program pemerintah untuk menjaga stabilitas harga dan keterjangkauan masyarakat ekonomi menengah ke bawah, menghadapi persoalan kompleks berupa praktik curang yang sistematis dalam rantai distribusinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara komprehensif bagaimana hukum positif Indonesia mengonstruksi perlindungan bagi konsumen yang dirugikan serta tanggung jawab yuridis pelaku usaha dalam praktik curang tersebut, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan analitis, mengandalkan data sekunder dari hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur hukum, jurnal ilmiah, putusan pengadilan, serta dokumen resmi pemerintah yang dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk menemukan konstruksi normatif dan implementatif perlindungan konsumen. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa perlindungan hukum konsumen tersedia dalam dua dimensi: preventif melalui regulasi ketat seperti Permendag Nomor 18 Tahun 2024, standardisasi kemasan dan kualitas produk berdasarkan SNI, penetapan HET, serta sistem pengawasan digital terintegrasi SIMIRAH yang memungkinkan pelacakan distribusi secara real-time, dan represif melalui mekanisme sanksi administratif berupa pencabutan izin usaha dan denda, sanksi perdata berupa kewajiban ganti rugi sesuai Pasal 19 UU Nomor 8 Tahun 1999, serta sanksi pidana berdasarkan Pasal 62 UUPK jo. Pasal 383 KUHP dengan ancaman penjara maksimal 5 tahun atau denda hingga Rp 2 Miliar/Minyakita cooking oil, a government program designed to maintain price stability and affordability for low-to-middle-income communities, confronts complex issues involving systematic fraudulent practices throughout its distribution chain, particularly discrepancies between actual product volume and the stated 1-liter capacity on bottle packaging, where consumers frequently receive only 750-950 ml. This phenomenon represents not sporadic incidents but rather a structured pattern indicating fraud within the distribution system, ranging from relabeling and repackaging with substandard quality to violations of the Maximum Retail Price (HET) that massively harm consumers and erode the essence of the government subsidy program. This research aims to comprehensively analyze how Indonesian positive law constructs protection for aggrieved consumers and the juridical liability of business actors in such fraudulent practices, employing normative legal research methods through statutory and analytical approaches, relying on secondary data from the hierarchy of legislation, legal literature, scientific journals, court decisions, and official government documents analyzed qualitatively to discover the normative and implementative construction of consumer protection. Research findings reveal that consumer legal protection exists in two dimensions: preventive through stringent regulations such as Minister of Trade Regulation Number 18 of 2024, standardization of packaging and product quality based on SNI, HET establishment, and the integrated digital monitoring system SIMIRAH enabling real-time distribution tracking, and repressive through administrative sanctions including business license revocation and fines, civil sanctions comprising compensation obligations pursuant to Article 19 of Law Number 8 of 1999, and criminal sanctions based on Article 62 of the Consumer Protection Law in conjunction with Article 383 of the Criminal Code with penalties of up to 5 years imprisonment or fines reaching Rp2 billion. societal welfare.

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