Perbandingan Sistem Hukum dan Perlindungan Korban Tindak Pidana Cyberbullying di Indonesia dan Malaysia serta Implikasinya terhadap Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Indonesia

Bandu, Sri J. Anggun (2026) Perbandingan Sistem Hukum dan Perlindungan Korban Tindak Pidana Cyberbullying di Indonesia dan Malaysia serta Implikasinya terhadap Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Indonesia. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya kejahatan cyberbullying di Indonesia seiring pesatnya perkembangan internet dan media digital. Cyberbullying tidak lagi hanya berupa penghinaan atau pelecehan di media sosial, tetapi telah berkembang menjadi manipulasi psikologis seperti grooming dan gaslighting yang berdampak pada kondisi mental korban. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah masih adanya celah hukum (legal loophole) dalam Sistem hukum di Indonesia, di mana UU ITE masih bersifat konten-sentris dan belum optimal mengakomodasi penderitaan mental korban sebagai kerugian hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan Sistem hukum dan perlindungan korban cyberbullying di Indonesia dan Malaysia serta implikasinya terhadap pembaruan hukum pidana Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perUndang-Undangan, perbandingan, dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Indonesia masih menerapkan paradigma formal-positivistik yang berorientasi pada validitas konten digital, sedangkan Malaysia telah mengembangkan pendekatan yang lebih progresif dan berorientasi pada perlindungan korban melalui Section 507A Penal Code (Amendment) Act 2024 dan Communications and Multimedia Act 1998. Malaysia juga memiliki sistem perlindungan digital yang lebih cepat dan responsif melalui MCMC dalam penanganan konten berbahaya di ruang digital. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan Pembaruan hukum pidana Indonesia melalui pengaturan unsur perbuatan berulang (repeated acts), pengakuan terhadap luka mental korban sebagai legal injury, sinkronisasi antara UU ITE dan UU TPKS, serta penguatan sistem perlindungan korban berbasis viktimologi dan tata kelola ruang digital yang lebih terintegrasi. Kata Kunci: Cyberbullying, Sistem Hukum, Perlindungan Korban, Pembaruan Hukum Pidana. / ABSTRACT This research is motivated by the increasing incidence of cyberbullying in Indonesia along with the rapid development of the internet and digital media. Cyberbullying is no longer limited to insults or harassment on social media, but has evolved into psychological manipulation such as grooming and gaslighting, which significantly affect victims’ mental well-being. The main issue addressed in this research is the existence of a legal loophole in Indonesian law enforcement, where the Electronic Information and Transactions Law remains content-oriented and has not optimally accommodated victims’ psychological suffering as a form of legal injury. This study aims to analyze the comparison of law enforcement and victim protection against cyberbullying in Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as its implications for the reform of Indonesian criminal law. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal that Indonesia still applies a formal-positivistic paradigm focusing on the formal validity of digital content, while Malaysia has developed a more progressive and victim-oriented approach through the Section 507A Penal Code (Amendment) Act 2024 and the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998. Malaysia also has a faster and more responsive digital protection system through the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) in handling harmful digital content. This study recommends the reform of Indonesian criminal law through the regulation of repeated acts in cyberbullying offenses, the recognition of victims’ psychological harm as a form of legal injury, the harmonization between the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes, and the strengthening of a victim-oriented protection system based on victimology and integrated digital governance. Keywords: Cyberbullying, Law Enforcement, Victim Protection, Criminal Law Reform.

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