Kegagalan PBB Menindaklanjuti Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) Terhadap Para Narapidana di Penjara Guantanamo Bay

Kristina, Kristina (2022) Kegagalan PBB Menindaklanjuti Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) Terhadap Para Narapidana di Penjara Guantanamo Bay. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Upaya penutupan Penjara Guantanamo Bay di Kuba terkait dengan pelanggaran HAM yang dialami oleh para narapidana sangat menarik untuk dibahas, karena PBB sebagai salah satu organisasi internasional terbesar masih mengalami kegagalan mewujudkan upaya tersebut selama dua puluh tahun. Sehingga, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengapa PBB masih gagal menindaklanjuti kasus pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) terhadap narapidana di Penjara Guantanamo Bay. Untuk menjawab akar masalah tersebut, teori yang digunakan adalah teori Hukum Organisasi Internasional yang dicetuskan oleh Jan Klabbers (2002) serta Konsep HAM oleh Mathias Risse (2021), dengan mengunakan metode kualitatif dan data sekunder. Melalui penelitian ini, penyebab kegagalan PBB diketahui terdiri atas beberapa faktor. Pertama, PBB dibatasi oleh legalitas AS berupa aturan nasional yang mengatur penjara tersebut secara khusus. Kedua, penutupan Penjara Guantanamo Bay belum dapat dilaksanakan karena prioritas kebijakan AS melawan terorisme, dan terakhir adalah faktor pengaruh pergantian Presiden AS beserta pro dan kontra kebijakan terhadap penjara tersebut./ Efforts to close Guantanamo Bay Prison in Cuba related to the human rights violations experienced by prisoners are very interesting to discuss, because the United Nations as one of the largest international organizations has still failed to realize these efforts for twenty years. Thus, this study aims to find out why the United Nations still fails to follow up on cases of human rights violations against prisoners at Guantanamo Bay Prison. To answer the root of the problem, the theory used is the theory of International Organization Law proposed by Jan Klabbers (2002) and the Human Rights Concept by Mathias Risse (2021), using qualitative methods and secondary data. Through this research, the causes of PBB failure are known to consist of several factors. First, the UN is limited by US legality in the form of national regulations that specifically regulate the prison. Second, the closure of Guantanamo Bay Prison has not been implemented because of the priority of US policy against terrorism, and the last is the influence factor of the change of US President along with the pros and cons of policies towards the prison.

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