Prevalensi Malnutrisi Pada Lansia Berdasarkan Mini Nutritional Assessment Di Sasana Tresna Werdha Ciracas Pada Desember Tahun 2021

Silvyaningsih, Setry Tarra (2022) Prevalensi Malnutrisi Pada Lansia Berdasarkan Mini Nutritional Assessment Di Sasana Tresna Werdha Ciracas Pada Desember Tahun 2021. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Malnutrisi adalah ketidakseimbangan asupan zat gizi makro dan zat gizi mikro yang berdampak negatif bagi tubuh. Malnutrisi saat ini seringkali terjadi pada lansia. Lansia atau lanjut usia adalah seseorang yang telah mencapai usia 60 (enam puluh) tahun keatas. Tercatat dalam Sensus Penduduk, Jumlah Penduduk di Indonesia pada tahun 2020 mencapai 270,20 juta jiwa, dengan persentase populasi lansia di Indonesia pada tahun 2020 meningkat menjadi 9,78% dibanding dengan persentase pada tahun 2010 yaitu 7,59%. Peningkatan penduduk lansia menandakan adanya peningkatan usia harapan hidup. Pertambahan jumlah penduduk lansia seiring dengan peningkatan permasalahan pada lansia, terutama permasalahan dalam pemenuhan asupan nutrisi. Malnutrisi terjadi pada lansia karena proses penuaan sehingga terjadi perubahan fisiologis pada lansia yaitu, penurunan fungsi sensorik, perubahan dalam sistem pencernaan, dan keterbatasan dalam mengakses makanan bergizi. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi status gizi lansia yaitu menggunakan kuesioner Mini Nutritional Assessment. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi malnutrisi pada lansia berdasarkan Mini Nutritional Assessment di Sasana Tresna Werdha Ciracas pada tahun 2021. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross – sectional, sampel diambil dari rumus Slovin, jumlah sampel didapatkan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi terdapat 160 responden. Hasil dari penelitian didapatkan kondisi status gizi lansia berdasarkan Mini Nutritional Assessment sebanyak 51 orang (31,9%) dengan status gizi normal, 102 orang (63,7%) status gizi berisiko malnutrisi, dan 7 orang (4,4%) status gizi malnutrisi. Kondisi status gizi lansia berdasarkan jenis kelamin di dominasi oleh lansia perempuan 57 orang (71,3%) lansia berstatus gizi berisiko malnutrisi dan 4 orang (5%) lansia berstatus gizi malnutrisi./ Malnutrition is an imbalance in the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients that have a negative impact on the body. Malnutrition now often occurs in the elderly. Elderly is someone who has reached the age of 60 (sixty) years and over. Recorded in the Population Census, the population in Indonesia in 2020 reached 270.20 million people, with the percentage of the elderly population in Indonesia in 2020 increasing to 9.78% compared to the percentage in 2010 which was 7.59%. The increase in the elderly population indicates an increase in life expectancy. The increase in the number of the elderly population is in line with the increasing problems in the elderly, especially problems in fulfilling nutritional intake. Malnutrition occurs in the elderly due to the aging process so that physiological changes occur in the elderly, namely, decreased sensory function, changes in the digestive system, and limitations in accessing nutritious food. The method used to identify the nutritional status of the elderly is using the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly based on the Mini Nutritional Assessment at Sasana Tresna Werdha Ciracas in 2021. The method used in this study was descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional approach, the sample was taken from the Slovin formula, the number of samples was obtained based on the criteria inclusion there are 160 respondents. The results of the study showed that the nutritional status of the elderly based on the Mini Nutritional Assessment was 51 people (31.9%) with normal nutritional status, 102 people (63.7%) nutritional status at risk of malnutrition, and 7 people (4.4%) nutritional status. malnutrition. The condition of the nutritional status of the elderly based on gender is dominated by elderly women 57 people (71.3%) with nutritional status at risk of malnutrition and 4 people (5%) elderly with malnutrition status.

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