HARMONISASI HUKUM PIDANA ADAT BADUY DAN PENDEKATAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM PENYELESAIAN PERKARA PIDANA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2023 TENTANG KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA

Wiyanti, Defi (2026) HARMONISASI HUKUM PIDANA ADAT BADUY DAN PENDEKATAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM PENYELESAIAN PERKARA PIDANA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2023 TENTANG KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penegakan hukum nasional mengalami transformasi menuju pendekatan yang lebih humanis melalui penerapan keadilan restoratif (restorative justice) sebagai alternatif dari sistem retributif. Pendekatan ini menekankan pemulihan hubungan antara korban, pelaku dan masyarakat melalui musyawarah, mediasi, serta partisipasi komunitas. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut telah lama hidup dan berkembang dalam sistem hukum pidana adat Indonesia , termasuk pada masyarakat adat Baduy yang menerapkan pemidanaan sebagai asas ultimum remedium, yakni penyelesaian perkara secara kekeluargaan terlebih dahulu sebelum melibatkan sistem peradilan adat. Lahirnnya KUHP baru dalam Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip keadilan restoratif secara eksplisit yang membuka peluang harmonisasi dengan hukum pidana adat Baduy. Namun, integrasi tersebut juga menghadirkan potensi konflik normatif karena perbedaan dasar filosofis, hukum negara menempatkan proses hukum secara prosedural sedangkan hukum adat Baduy bertumpu pada legitimasi adat, nilai spritual dan keseimbangan kosmos. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis titik temu dan perbedaan penerapan keadilan restoratif dalam KUHP baru dengan praktik hukum pidana adat Baduy, serta merumuskan model harmonisasi yang dapat diterapkan secara pragmatis dan sensitif terhadap kearifan lokal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah empiris-normatif dengan melakukan kajian terhadap aspek norma hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan dan melakukan kajian penerapan hukum di masyarakat secara langsung melalui wawancara, observasi partisipatif, dan etnografi hukum langsung terhadap proses penyelesaian perkara pidana adat Baduy untuk selanjutnya hasil penelitian akan dijabarkan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam kesatuan masyarakat adat Baduy telah lama menerapkan prinsip restorative justice secara substansial melalui mekanisme musyawarah, penyelesaian di tingkat keluarga, tanggung jawab komunal, dan pemulihan keseimbangan sosial dengan mengedepankan prinsip silih hampura. Analisis terhadap KUHP baru menunjukkan adanya kesesuaian konseptual antara prinsip keadilan restoratif dalam Pasal 51 huruf (c) dengan praktik hukum adat Baduy, khususnya dalam aspek pemulihan sosial, perdamaian, dan keterlibatan masyarakat. Namun, ditemukan pula potensi konflik normatif ketika KUHP baru menempatkan proses hukum secara prosedural, sementara hukum adat Baduy bertumpu pada nilai spiritual, keseimbangan kosmos, dan legitimasi adat. Penelitian ini merumuskan model harmonisasi hukum melalui pendekatan living law, yaitu mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip adat Baduy ke dalam sistem peradilan formal melalui kewenangan diversi dan rekognisi hukum adat dalam KUHP baru. Dengan demikian, hukum pidana adat Baduy dapat menjadi prototipe penerapan restorative justice dalam sistem hukum nasional, sehingga KUHP baru berpotensi menjadi jembatan antara hukum negara dan hukum adat menuju keadilan yang lebih humanis dan berkeadilan sosial. Kata Kunci: Restoratif Justice, Hukum Pidana Adat Baduy, Harmonisasi Hukum. / The enforcement of national law in Indonesia is undergoing a transformation toward a more humanistic approach through the implementation of restorative justice as an alternative to the traditional retributive system. This approach emphasizes the restoration of relationships between victims, offenders, and the community through deliberation, mediation, and community participation. These principles have long existed within Indonesia’s indigenous criminal justice systems, including among the Baduy community, which adopts the ultimum remedium principle—prioritizing familial resolution of disputes before involving the customary adjudicatory system. The promulgation of the new Criminal Code (KUHP) under Law No. 1 of 2023 explicitly integrates restorative justice principles, thereby creating opportunities for harmonization with the Baduy customary criminal system. However, this integration also presents the potential for normative conflict due to fundamental philosophical differences: national law operates procedurally, whereas Baduy customary law is grounded in spiritual values, cosmic balance, and the legitimacy of adat authority. This research aims to analyze the convergence and divergence between the application of restorative justice in the new Criminal Code and in the Baduy customary criminal system, as well as to formulate a harmonization model that is pragmatic and sensitive to local wisdom. The research employs an empirical-normative method by examining legal norms and statutory regulations and conducting field studies through interviews, participatory observation, and legal ethnography of the Baduy customary practices in resolving criminal cases. The findings are presented using a descriptive qualitative approach. The results indicate that the Baduy community has long applied restorative justice principles substantively through mechanisms of deliberation, familial dispute resolution, communal responsibility, and social equilibrium. The analysis of the new Criminal Code reveals convergence between Article 51(c) and the practices of Baduy customary law, particularly regarding social restoration, reconciliation, and community involvement. Nonetheless, potential normative conflicts emerge when the new Criminal Code emphasizes procedural legal processes while Baduy customary law relies on spiritual values, cosmic harmony, and adat legitimacy. This research proposes a harmonization model through a living law approach, integrating Baduy customary principles into the formal justice system via diversion mechanisms and customary law recognition in the new Criminal Code. Consequently, the Baduy customary criminal system may serve as a prototype for implementing restorative justice within the national legal framework, enabling the new Criminal Code to act as a bridge between state law and customary law in pursuing a more humanistic and socially just legal order. Keywords: Restorative Justice, Baduy Customary Criminal Law, Legal Harmonization.

Item Type: Thesis (S2)
Contributors:
ContributionContributorsNIDN/NIDKEmail
Thesis advisorSudjiarto, TatokNIDN8931720021UNSPECIFIED
Thesis advisorSitanggang, DjernihNIDN9903262820UNSPECIFIED
Subjects: LAW > Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Area, and Antarctica Asia South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia > Indonesia
Divisions: PROGRAM PASCASARJANA > Magister Ilmu Hukum
Depositing User: Ms Defi Wiyanti
Date Deposited: 26 Oct 2026 04:16
Last Modified: 26 Oct 2026 04:21
URI: http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/24071

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