TRANSFORMASI PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA STUDI PERBANDINGAN PENDEKATAN REPRESIF DAN REHABILITATIF OLEH PENYIDIK POLRES METRO JAKARTA BARAT

SYAMSUDIN, SYAMSUDIN (2026) TRANSFORMASI PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA STUDI PERBANDINGAN PENDEKATAN REPRESIF DAN REHABILITATIF OLEH PENYIDIK POLRES METRO JAKARTA BARAT. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas transformasi penegakan hukum tindak pidana narkotika melalui perbandingan antara pendekatan represif dan pendekatan rehabilitatif yang diterapkan oleh penyidik Polres Metro Jakarta Barat. Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada dua persoalan utama, yaitu bagaimana penerapan kedua pendekatan tersebut dalam praktik penyidikan dan bagaimana perbandingan efektivitas, ketepatan, serta implikasinya terhadap penanganan perkara narkotika. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan spesifikasi deskriptif-analitis. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan, dokumen, serta pembacaan terhadap data perkara narkotika Polres Metro Jakarta Barat tahun 2020–2025. Pendekatan teoretis yang digunakan antara lain teori tujuan pemidanaan, teori kebijakan kriminal, dan perspektif keadilan restoratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan represif masih menjadi pola yang dominan dalam penyidikan perkara narkotika karena dinilai lebih cepat, lebih pasti secara administratif, dan lebih sesuai dengan ritme kerja institusional yang dibebani target pengungkapan perkara. Sebaliknya, pendekatan rehabilitatif secara normatif telah memperoleh landasan yang kuat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika, SEMA Nomor 4 Tahun 2010, Peraturan Kepolisian Nomor 8 Tahun 2021, serta berbagai pedoman lintas lembaga, tetapi implementasinya masih menghadapi hambatan berupa keterlambatan asesmen, keraguan klasifikasi pelaku, belum stabilnya koordinasi antar lembaga, keterbatasan fasilitas, serta masih kuatnya stigma terhadap pengguna dan pecandu narkotika. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendekatan represif tetap diperlukan untuk menghadapi pengedar dan jaringan peredaran gelap, namun tidak tepat dijadikan jawaban tunggal bagi semua profil pelaku. Terhadap pengguna, pecandu, dan korban penyalahgunaan, pendekatan rehabilitatif lebih sesuai karena memberi ruang pemulihan, menekan risiko pengulangan, dan lebih sejalan dengan arah pembaruan hukum pidana modern. Oleh karena itu, model penanganan yang paling relevan bagi Polres Metro Jakarta Barat adalah model yang proporsional, yaitu keras terhadap peredaran gelap, tetapi presisi, terukur, dan berbasis asesmen terhadap pelaku yang membutuhkan rehabilitasi./ This study examines the transformation of law enforcement in narcotics crimes through a comparison between the repressive approach and the rehabilitative approach applied by investigators at the West Jakarta Metro Police. The research focuses on two main issues, namely how both approaches are implemented in investigative practice and how their effectiveness, accuracy, and implications compare in the handling of narcotics cases. This study employs an empirical juridical method with a descriptive-analytical specification. The data were obtained through library research, document analysis, and examination of narcotics case data from the West Jakarta Metro Police during the period 2020–2025. The theoretical approaches used include the theory of the purpose of punishment, criminal policy theory, and the perspective of restorative justice. The findings show that the repressive approach remains the dominant pattern in the investigation of narcotics cases because it is considered faster, more administratively certain, and more compatible with the institutional work rhythm burdened by case-disclosure targets. In contrast, the rehabilitative approach has, normatively, obtained a strong legal basis in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 4 of 2010, Police Regulation Number 8 of 2021, as well as various inter-agency guidelines. However, its implementation still faces obstacles in the form of delays in assessment, uncertainty in offender classification, unstable inter-agency coordination, limited facilities, and the persistence of stigma against narcotics users and addicts. This study concludes that the repressive approach remains necessary for dealing with dealers and illicit trafficking networks, but it is not appropriate to be used as the sole response for all categories of offenders. For users, addicts, and victims of narcotics abuse, the rehabilitative approach is more appropriate because it provides room for recovery, reduces the risk of reoffending, and is more consistent with the direction of modern criminal law reform. Therefore, the most relevant handling model for the West Jakarta Metro Police is a proportional model: strict against illicit trafficking, yet precise, measurable, and assessment-based for offenders who require rehabilitation.

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