Edi, Edi (2026) Analisis Pemberian Bantuan Hukum Cuma-cuma oleh Penasehat Hukum Berdasarkan Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Hukum Acara Pidana Indonesia. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.
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Abstract
Pemberian bantuan hukum melalui Penasihat Hukum bagi tersangka dan terdakwa dalam hukum acara pidana Indonesia diantaranya diatur melalui Pasal 54, Pasal 55 dan 56 KUHAP. Pasal 56 KUHAP menekankan kewajiban aparat penegak hukum untuk menunjuk Penasihat Hukum untuk memberikan bantuan hukum bagi tersangka atau terdakwa yang diancam pidana mati atau ancaman pidana lima belas tahun atau lebih atau yang tidak mampu yang diancam dengan pidana lima tahun atau lebih. Namun, regulasi ini masih memiliki keterbatasan, karena terdapat pembatasan cakupan pemberian bantuan hukum bagi tersangka atau terdakwa tidak mampu yang hanya diberikan dengan ancaman pidana di atas lima tahun, sedangkan bagi tersangka atau terdakwa tidak mampu yang diancam dibawah lima tidak ada kewajiban bagi aparat penegak hukum untuk menunjuk penasihat hukum memberikan bantuan hukum. Hal ini tentunya belum sejalan dengan prinsip negara hukum dan HAM karena akan berpotensi menimbulkan diskriminasi dan ketidakadilan terhadap akses hukum bagi mereka. Negara yang berdasar atas hukum wajib memberikan kepastian hukum kepada warga negaranya dengan mengedepankan hukum sebagai dasar perlindungan hak dan kewajiban tanpa adanya diskriminasi. Dari perspektif HAM, pelindungan hukum terhadap tersangka/ terdakwa melalui bantuan hukum memiliki dua dimensi penting, yakni sebagai hak individual dan kewajiban negara. Sebagai hak individual, setiap orang berhak memperoleh pendampingan hukum guna menjamin proses peradilan yang adil. Sebagai kewajiban negara, penyelenggaraan bantuan hukum merupakan manifestasi dari tanggung jawab negara dalam melindungi dan memenuhi hak-hak warganya, khususnya bagi masyarakat miskin yang tidak mampu secara ekonomi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif atau penelitian kepustakaan yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan-bahan kepustakaan atau data sekunder. Data sekunder yang utama digunakan adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP), Undang-Undang (UU) Nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Bantuan Hukum, dan UU Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Teknik Pengumpulan Data melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan dilakukannya revisi terhadap Pasal 56 ayat (1) KUHAP untuk memperluas cakupan bantuan hukum tanpa batasan ancaman pidana, serta harmonisasi dengan UU Nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Bantuan Hukum, guna mewujudkan sistem peradilan pidana yang adil, transparan, dan berkeadilan. Optimalisasi ini diperlukan untuk mengatasi ketimpangan akses hukum dan memastikan perlindungan HAM bagi seluruh warga negara. Kata kunci: Bantuan hukum, Pasal 56 KUHAP, Hak asasi manusia. / ABSTRACT The provision of legal assistance through legal counsel for suspects and defendants in Indonesian criminal procedure law is regulated in Articles 54, 55, and 56 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Article 56 of the Criminal Procedure Code emphasizes the obligation of law enforcement officials to appoint a Legal Advisor to provide legal assistance to suspects or defendants who are facing the death penalty or a sentence of fifteen years or more, or who are unable to afford legal assistance and are facing a sentence of five years or more. However, this regulation still has limitations, as there are restrictions on the scope of legal aid for suspects or defendants who are unable to afford legal representation, which is only provided for those facing a sentence of more than five years, while for suspects or defendants who are unable to afford legal representation and are facing a sentence of less than five years, there is no obligation for law enforcement officials to appoint a legal advisor to provide legal aid. This is certainly not in line with the principles of the rule of law and human rights, as it has the potential to cause discrimination and injustice in terms of access to justice for these individuals. A country based on the rule of law must provide legal certainty to its citizens by prioritizing the law as the basis for the protection of rights and obligations without discrimination. From a human rights perspective, legal protection for suspects/defendants through legal aid has two important dimensions, namely as an individual right and a state obligation. As an individual right, everyone has the right to legal assistance to ensure a fair trial process. As a state obligation, the provision of legal aid is a manifestation of the state's responsibility to protect and fulfill the rights of its citizens, especially for the poor who are economically disadvantaged. The type of research used is normative legal research or literature research conducted by examining literature or secondary data. The main secondary data used are Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Law, Law Number 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid, and Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. Data collection techniques were through literature studies. The results of this study recommend revising Article 56 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code to expand the scope of legal aid without criminal penalties, as well as harmonizing it with Law Number 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid, in order to realize a fair, transparent, and just criminal justice system. This optimization is necessary to overcome disparities in access to justice and ensure the protection of human rights for all citizens. Keywords: Legal aid, Article 56 of the Criminal Procedure Code, Human rights.
| Item Type: | Thesis (S2) | ||||||||||||
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| Subjects: | LAW > Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence > Legal aid. Legal assistance to the poor | ||||||||||||
| Divisions: | PROGRAM PASCASARJANA > Magister Ilmu Hukum | ||||||||||||
| Depositing User: | Mr Edi Edi | ||||||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 05 Aug 2026 07:00 | ||||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 05 Aug 2026 07:00 | ||||||||||||
| URI: | http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/23307 |
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