Analisis Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Awak Kapal Akibat Kecelakaan Kapal Penumpang Penyeberangan Tunu Pratama Jaya (IMO 8749432)

Hikmawan, Ferry (2026) Analisis Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Awak Kapal Akibat Kecelakaan Kapal Penumpang Penyeberangan Tunu Pratama Jaya (IMO 8749432). S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Dunia Maritim menjadi salah satu sektor yang cukup menggiurkan untuk menjamin kesejahteraan dan menjadi peluang lapangan kerja, hal ini tentunya perlu diiringi dengan pengetahuan, kompetensi dan pemahaman peraturan perundang- undangan khususnya pada hukum maritim dan hukum pelayaran. Isu perlindungan awak kapal yang mengalami kecelakaan kapal merupakan isu yang cukup sering menjadi perhatian media dan pemerhati transportasi laut dikarenakan terdapat dua hukum yang mengatur antara tindakan profesi dan tindakan melawan hukum sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan. Kejadian kecelakaan kapal merupakan kejadian yang tentu saja merugikan berbagai pihak baik pemilik kapal, pemilik muatan, awak kapal hingga Masyarakat selaku pengguna barang dan jasa yang pengirimannya menggunakan transportasi laut. Meskipun telah diatur dalam beberapa regulasi mengenai penanganan pemeriksaan kecelakaan kapai berupa Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 2019 tentang Pemeriksaan Kecelakaan Kapal dan Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor PM 6 Tahun 2020 tentang Tata Cara Pemeriksaan Kecelakaan Kapal namun implementasinya masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan dan tumpeng tindih regulasi. Penelitian penulis menggunakan pendekatan pada teori perlindungan hukum dan teori keadilan yang diharapkan dapat memberikan kesesuaian serta integrasi peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur mengenai pembedaan awak kapal sebagai warga negara dan awak kapal sebaga profesi pekerjaan. Teori perlindungan hukum diharapkan dapat menjadi kerangka yang menjelaskan bagaimanan peranan hukum dalam menjaga ketertiban, keadilan, kepastian hukum, kemanfaatan hukum dan hak individu dalam menjalankan profesi sebagai seorang awak kapal. Selanjutnya pada teori keadilan penulis juga mengharapkan suatu perubahan dan/atau suatu integrasi para penegak hukum dalam menegakkan hukum akibat kecelakaan kapal sebagai sesuai yang menjadi dasar tentang bagaimana hukum maritim berjalan dengan adil terhadap hak dan tanggung jawab seorang manusia sebagai awak kapal dan bukan sebagai Masyarakat biasa. / The Maritime World has become one of the sectors that is quite attractive for ensuring welfare and creating job opportunities; this, of course, needs to be accompanied by knowledge, competence, and understanding of laws and regulations, especially in maritime law and shipping law. The issue of protecting crew members who experience ship accidents is a topic that often draws attention from the media and sea transport observers because there are two laws that regulate professional actions and unlawful actions in accordance with the legislation. Ship accident incidents are events that of course cause losses to various parties, including ship owners, cargo owners, crew members, and the public as users of goods and services whose shipments use sea transportation. Although it has been regulated in several regulations regarding the handling and inspection of ship accidents, such as Law Number 17 of 2008 on Shipping, Government Regulation Number 9 of 2019 on Ship Accident Inspections, and Minister of Transportation Regulation Number PM 6 of 2020 on Procedures for Inspecting Ship Accidents, its implementation still faces various challenges and regulatory overlaps.The author's research uses an approachbased on the theory of legal protection and the theory of justice, which is expected to provide conformity and integration of laws and regulations governing the distinction between crew members as citizens and crew members as professional workers. The theory of legal protection is expected to serve as a framework to explain the role of law in maintaining order, justice, legal certainty, legal utility, and individual rights in carrying out a profession as a crew member. Furthermore, regarding the theory of justice, the author also expects a change and/or an integration of law enforcers in enforcing the law due to ship accidents in accordance with the basis of how maritime law operates fairly concerning the rights and responsibilities of a person as a crew member, rather than as an ordinary member of society.

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