PERAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH MELALUI PROGRAM DESA / KELURAHAN SADAR HUKUM SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEPATUHAN HUKUM MASYARAKAT DALAM RANGKA MEMBANGUN BUDAYA HUKUM

Mitendra, Hario Mahar (2026) PERAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH MELALUI PROGRAM DESA / KELURAHAN SADAR HUKUM SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEPATUHAN HUKUM MASYARAKAT DALAM RANGKA MEMBANGUN BUDAYA HUKUM. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Sebagai instrumen pembinaan hukum di tingkat komunitas terkecil, program Desa/Kelurahan Sadar Hukum yang dikelola Kementerian Hukum melalui Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional telah berjalan lebih dari tiga dekade, namun relevansi dan efektivitasnya kini dipersoalkan seiring munculnya kebijakan Pos Bantuan Hukum Desa/Kelurahan yang menganggap program tersebut lebih bersifat seremonial. Penelitian ini menelaah dua persoalan pokok, yaitu bagaimana mekanisme kebijakan pemerintah dalam meningkatkan kesadaran dan kepatuhan hukum masyarakat melalui program Desa/Kelurahan Sadar Hukum, serta bagaimana dampak program tersebut terhadap peningkatan kesadaran dan kepatuhan hukum masyarakat dalam membangun budaya hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Analisis diarahkan dengan menggunakan teori kepastian hukum untuk menilai kualitas normatif kerangka pengaturan program melalui parameter kejelasan, konsistensi, aksesibilitas, dan prediktabilitas norma, serta teori kepatuhan hukum, khususnya tiga tingkatan kepatuhan menurut Kelman, untuk menilai kualitas kepatuhan yang dihasilkan program. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme program secara struktural telah tertata melalui tahapan pembentukan kelompok sadar hukum, penyuluhan dan pemberdayaan, hingga penilaian dan penetapan status, namun kepastian hukum yang menopangnya belum kokoh karena program hanya bersandar pada peraturan menteri dan surat edaran, definisi operasionalnya kabur, dan indikator penilaiannya cenderung mengukur kegiatan administratif alih-alih perubahan substantif. Dampak program bersifat berlapis dan belum optimal, sebab program relatif berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan hukum tetapi lemah dalam membentuk pemahaman, sikap, dan perilaku hukum, sehingga kepatuhan yang dihasilkan baru mencapai tingkat compliance dan sebagian identification, sementara internalisasi nilai belum terwujud secara luas. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa status sadar hukum lebih tepat dimaknai sebagai indikator awal pembangunan budaya hukum, dan merekomendasikan penguatan landasan regulatif program sekurang-kurangnya melalui Peraturan Pemerintah atau Peraturan Presiden, disertai reformasi orientasi pelaksanaan dari pencapaian administratif menuju perubahan kesadaran dan perilaku hukum yang nyata./As an instrument of legal development at the smallest community level, the Legal Awareness Village/Subdistrict program managed by the Ministry of Law through the National Law Development Agency has operated for more than three decades, yet its relevance and effectiveness are now being questioned following the emergence of the Village/Subdistrict Legal Aid Post policy, which regards the program as largely ceremonial. This research examines two principal issues, namely how the government policy mechanism operates to improve public legal awareness and compliance through the Legal Awareness Village/Subdistrict program, and how the program affects the improvement of public legal awareness and compliance in building legal culture. This research applies a prescriptive normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were collected through literature study and subsequently analyzed qualitatively. The analysis was directed using the theory of legal certainty to assess the normative quality of the program’s regulatory framework through the parameters of clarity, consistency, accessibility, and predictability of norms, as well as the theory of legal compliance, particularly Kelman’s three levels of compliance, to assess the quality of compliance the program is capable of producing. The findings indicate that the program mechanism is structurally well arranged through the stages of forming legal awareness groups, conducting legal counseling and empowerment, and assessing and designating status, yet the legal certainty underpinning it remains weak because the program relies only on ministerial regulations and circular letters, its operational definitions are vague, and its assessment indicators tend to measure administrative activity rather than substantive change. The program’s impact is layered and not yet optimal, since it relatively succeeds in increasing legal knowledge but remains weak in forming legal comprehension, attitude, and behavior, so that the compliance produced has only reached the level of compliance and partial identification, while internalization of legal values has not been broadly achieved. The research concludes that legal awareness status is more accurately understood as an early indicator of legal culture development, and recommends strengthening the program’s regulatory foundation at least through a Government Regulation or Presidential Regulation, accompanied by a reform of implementation orientation from administrative achievement toward genuine change in legal awareness and behavior

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