REFORMULASI PENGATURAN TANGGUNG JAWAB NAKHODA DAN PANDU DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG PELAYARAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGUATAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM DAN KESELAMATAN PELAYARAN

Marisitua, Rickson Fryadi (2026) REFORMULASI PENGATURAN TANGGUNG JAWAB NAKHODA DAN PANDU DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG PELAYARAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGUATAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM DAN KESELAMATAN PELAYARAN. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Pemanduan kapal merupakan kegiatan yang melibatkan dua subjek dengan kewenangan teknis yang saling beririsan, yaitu nakhoda sebagai pemegang komando tertinggi di atas kapal dan pandu sebagai pemberi saran navigasi di perairan tertentu. Penelitian ini membahas reformulasi pengaturan tanggung jawab perdata nakhoda dan pandu dalam Undang-Undang Pelayaran sebagai upaya memperkuat kepastian hukum dan keselamatan pelayaran. Permasalahan penelitian berangkat dari adanya kekaburan dan kekosongan norma mengenai batas kewenangan, kedudukan hukum, serta distribusi tanggung jawab perdata antara nakhoda dan pandu dalam kegiatan pemanduan kapal, terutama pada situasi pemanduan wajib ketika kapal diharuskan menggunakan jasa pandu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan komparatif. Bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Pendekatan komparatif digunakan untuk menelaah pengaturan serupa pada yurisdiksi lain sebagai bahan perbandingan dalam merumuskan model distribusi tanggung jawab yang sesuai dengan sistem hukum nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan dalam Undang-Undang Pelayaran belum secara tegas menjelaskan batas kewenangan pandu, posisi nakhoda selama pemanduan, mekanisme peralihan atau pembagian tanggung jawab perdata, hak nakhoda untuk menolak instruksi pandu yang membahayakan, serta pertanggungjawaban dalam situasi pemanduan wajib. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan reformulasi norma yang mengatur distribusi tanggung jawab perdata secara proporsional antara nakhoda, pandu, otoritas penyelenggara pemanduan, dan pemilik atau operator kapal, sehingga hubungan kewenangan menjadi lebih jelas, kepastian hukum menguat, dan standar keselamatan pelayaran nasional meningkat/ Ship pilotage involves two actors whose technical authority overlaps, namely the shipmaster as the holder of supreme command on board and the pilot as the navigational adviser within certain waters. This thesis examines the reformulation of civil liability regulations concerning shipmasters and maritime pilots under Indonesian Shipping Law as an effort to strengthen legal certainty and maritime safety. The research problem arises from ambiguity and normative gaps concerning the limits of authority, legal position, and distribution of civil liability between shipmasters and pilots during pilotage operations, particularly in compulsory pilotage situations in which a vessel is required to use pilotage services. This research applies a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were collected through literature study and analyzed qualitatively. The comparative approach was employed to review similar arrangements in other jurisdictions as a point of reference in formulating a model of liability distribution suited to the national legal system. The findings show that the current Indonesian Shipping Law does not clearly regulate the limits of pilot authority, the position of the shipmaster during pilotage, the mechanism for transferring or allocating civil liability, the shipmaster’s right to reject unsafe pilot instructions, and liability in compulsory pilotage situations. Such ambiguity may create legal uncertainty and complicate the determination of the responsible party in the event of a maritime accident. Therefore, a normative reformulation is required to proportionally allocate civil liability among the shipmaster, the pilot, the pilotage authority, and the shipowner or operator, so that the relationship of authority becomes clearer, legal certainty is strengthened, and national maritime safety standards are improved.

Item Type: Thesis (S2)
Contributors:
ContributionContributorsNIDN/NIDKEmail
Thesis advisorPanjaitan, HulmanNUPTK7252746647130103hulman.panjaitan@uki.ac.id
Thesis advisorSaragi, PaltiadaNUPTK1237749650130143paltiada.saragih@uki.ac.id
Subjects: LAW
LAW > Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
LAW > Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence > Comparative law. International uniform law
Divisions: PROGRAM PASCASARJANA > Magister Ilmu Hukum
Depositing User: Mr Rickson Fryadi Marisitua
Date Deposited: 13 Jul 2026 09:31
Last Modified: 13 Jul 2026 09:34
URI: http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/22579

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