Analisa Efektivitas Kondensor Pada Unit 21 Di PLTGU Jawa Satu Power 2 x 880 MW

Putra, Widodo Pinarcahya (2026) Analisa Efektivitas Kondensor Pada Unit 21 Di PLTGU Jawa Satu Power 2 x 880 MW. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas analisis efektivitas kondensor pada Unit 21 Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas dan Uap (PLTGU) Jawa Satu Power dengan tujuan mengevaluasi kinerja kondensor pasca tiga tahun operasi sejak Commercial Operation Date (COD). Kondensor merupakan komponen penting dalam siklus Rankine yang berfungsi mengembunkan uap bekas turbin uap menjadi air kondensat, sehingga mempengaruhi efisiensi termal keseluruhan pembangkit. Penurunan efektivitas kondensor dapat meningkatkan back pressure turbin uap, menurunkan daya keluaran, dan meningkatkan konsumsi bahan bakar. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) dan Number of Transfer Units (NTU) untuk menghitung nilai efektivitas pada beberapa periode pengambilan data: Desember 2023 (commissioning), Januari 2024, April 2024, September 2024, Mei 2025, dan Agustus 2025. Parameter yang diukur meliputi suhu uap keluaran turbin tekanan rendah, suhu masuk dan keluar air pendingin, laju aliran air pendingin, serta kapasitas panas jenis air. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan efektivitas awal pada fase commissioning sebesar 78,90% (LMTD) dan 77,8% (NTU), meningkat pada Januari 2024 menjadi 85,30% (LMTD) dan 85,1% (NTU), sebelum mengalami penurunan bertahap hingga mencapai nilai terendah pada Agustus 2025 sebesar 52,32% (LMTD) dan 74,1% (NTU). Penurunan kinerja ini diduga disebabkan oleh fouling pada pipa kondensor, kenaikan suhu air pendingin masuk, penurunan performa sistem vakum, serta variasi laju aliran air pendingin yang tidak optimal. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa tren penurunan efektivitas kondensor Unit 21 memerlukan tindakan pemeliharaan lebih intensif, seperti backwashing, pembersihan mekanis tube, dan inspeksi sistem vakum secara berkala. Rekomendasi teknis juga mencakup pengendalian kualitas air pendingin untuk meminimalkan laju pembentukan fouling dan menjaga kestabilan operasi turbin uap serta efisiensi termal PLTGU. Kata Kunci: Efektivitas kondensor, Unit 21 PLTGU Jawa Satu Power, Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD), Number of Transfer Units (NTU), Fouling, Pemeliharaan kondensor / This study discusses the analysis of condenser effectiveness at Unit 21 of the Jawa Satu Power Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP), with the objective of evaluating condenser performance after three years of operation since the Commercial Operation Date (COD). The condenser is an important component in the Rankine cycle, functioning to condense exhaust steam from the steam turbine into condensate water, thereby influencing the overall thermal efficiency of the power plant. A reduction in condenser effectiveness can increase steam turbine back pressure, reduce power output, and increase fuel consumption. The analytical methods used in this study are the Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) and Number of Transfer Units (NTU) methods to calculate the effectiveness values over several data collection periods, namely December 2023 during commissioning, January 2024, April 2024, September 2024, May 2025, and August 2025. The measured parameters include low-pressure turbine exhaust steam temperature, cooling water inlet and outlet temperatures, cooling water flow rate, and the specific heat capacity of water. The calculation results show that the initial condenser effectiveness during the commissioning phase was 78.90% based on the LMTD method and 77.8% based on the NTU method. The effectiveness increased in January 2024 to 85.30% based on the LMTD method and 85.1% based on the NTU method, before gradually declining to the lowest value in August 2025, reaching 52.32% based on the LMTD method and 74.1% based on the NTU method. This performance decline is suspected to be caused by fouling in the condenser tubes, an increase in cooling water inlet temperature, degradation of vacuum system performance, and non-optimal variations in cooling water flow rate. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the declining trend in condenser effectiveness at Unit 21 requires more intensive maintenance actions, such as backwashing, mechanical tube cleaning, and periodic inspection of the vacuum system. The technical recommendations also include cooling water quality control to minimize fouling formation rates and to maintain steam turbine operational stability as well as the thermal efficiency of the CCPP. Keywords: Condenser effectiveness, Unit 21 Jawa Satu Power CCPP, Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD), Number of Transfer Units (NTU), fouling, condenser maintenance

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