Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Driver Online Terkait Hak Perolehan Bonus Hari Raya Dalam Perspektif Hukum Ketenagakerjaan

Simatupang, Rido Parasian (2026) Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Driver Online Terkait Hak Perolehan Bonus Hari Raya Dalam Perspektif Hukum Ketenagakerjaan. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Perkembangan ekonomi gig di Indonesia telah menciptakan lapangan kerja bagi lebih dari 1,8 juta driver online, namun status hukum mereka dalam kerangka hukum ketenagakerjaan masih berada dalam zona abu-abu. Ambiguitas hubungan antara driver online dengan perusahaan aplikasi, apakah merupakan hubungan kerja atau kemitraan, menimbulkan permasalahan perlindungan hukum terutama terkait hak perolehan Bonus Hari Raya. Penelitian ini mengkaji apakah driver online memenuhi unsur-unsur pekerja menurut Undang-Undang No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan dan bagaimana bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap driver online terkait perolehan Bonus Hari Raya menurut regulasi ketenagakerjaan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori kepastian hukum dan teori perlindungan hukum. Data penelitian berupa bahan hukum primer meliputi Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan, dan Peraturan menteri ketenagakerjaan, bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku dan jurnal, serta bahan hukum tersier berupa kamus hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan driver online memenuhi tiga unsur pekerja meskipun dalam bentuk modern melalui algoritma digital. Perlindungan hukum bagi driver online dalam perolehan Bonus Hari Raya masih lemah karena hanya didasarkan pada Surat Edaran Menaker yang tidak mengikat secara hukum. Diperlukan pembaharuan hukum ketenagakerjaan untuk memberikan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan memadai bagi driver online. / The development of the gig economy in Indonesia has created employment opportunities for more than 1.8 million online drivers, yet their legal status within the employment law framework remains in a gray area. The ambiguity of the relationship between online drivers and application companies, whether it constitutes an employment relationship or partnership, raises legal protection issues, particularly concerning the right to receive Religious Holiday Allowance (Bonus Hari Raya). This research examines whether online drivers meet the elements of workers according to Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower and how legal protection for online drivers regarding Religious Holiday Allowance is structured under Indonesian employment regulations. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The theories used are legal certainty theory and legal protection theory. Research data consists of primary legal materials including the 1945 Constitution, the Manpower Law, and Ministerial Regulations on Manpower; secondary legal materials comprising books and journals; and tertiary legal materials in the form of legal dictionaries. The research findings indicate that online drivers fulfill the three elements of workers, albeit in a modern form through digital algorithms. Legal protection for online drivers in obtaining Religious Holiday Allowance remains weak as it is only based on a Circular Letter from the Minister of Manpower, which is not legally binding. A reform of employment law is needed to provide legal certainty and adequate protection for online drivers.

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