PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM DESIGNATED PERSON ASHORE ATAS INSIDEN KECELAKAAN KAPAL PT. MULTI JAYA SAMUDERA

Lumban Gaol, Hotben Marchiano (2026) PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM DESIGNATED PERSON ASHORE ATAS INSIDEN KECELAKAAN KAPAL PT. MULTI JAYA SAMUDERA. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Keselamatan pelayaran merupakan aspek fundamental dalam kegiatan transportasi laut yang berkaitan erat dengan perlindungan jiwa manusia, harta benda, serta lingkungan maritim. Insiden kecelakaan kapal sering kali dipicu oleh lemahnya penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Kapal. Designated Person Ashore (DPA) sebagai perpanjangan tangan perusahaan pelayaran memiliki peran strategis dalam menjamin efektivitas penerapan International Safety Management (ISM) Code. Namun, dalam praktiknya, pertanggungjawaban hukum DPA atas insiden kecelakaan kapal, termasuk pada PT. Multi Jaya Samudera, masih belum dipahami dan ditegakkan secara optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan studi kasus. Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang berkaitan dengan keselamatan pelayaran dan tanggung jawab hukum DPA. Analisis penelitian didasarkan pada teori keadilan John Rawls yang menekankan prinsip keadilan sebagai fairness, khususnya perlindungan terhadap pihak yang dirugikan, serta teori kepastian hukum menurut Gustav Radbruch yang menempatkan kepastian hukum sebagai elemen esensial dalam menjamin berfungsinya hukum secara efektif dan konsisten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DPA dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban hukum apabila terbukti lalai dalam melaksanakan fungsi pengawasan, pengendalian, dan pelaporan terkait penerapan sistem keselamatan kapal. Pertanggungjawaban tersebut dapat berupa sanksi administratif, perdata, maupun pidana sesuai dengan tingkat kesalahan dan dampak insiden yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penegakan tanggung jawab DPA secara adil dan pasti guna meningkatkan keselamatan pelayaran dan kepastian hukum dalam industri pelayaran nasional./Navigation safety is a fundamental aspect of maritime transportation activities, closely related to the protection of human life, property, and the maritime environment. Ship accidents are often triggered by the weak implementation of the Ship Safety Management System. As an extension of the shipping company, the Designated Person Ashore (DPA) plays a strategic role in ensuring the effective implementation of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code. However, in practice, the legal responsibility of the DPA for ship accidents, including at PT. Multi Jaya Samudera, is still not optimally understood and enforced. This research uses a normative legal research method with a statutory, conceptual, and case study approach. The legal materials used consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials related to shipping safety and the legal responsibility of the DPA. The research analysis is based on John Rawls' theory of justice which emphasizes the principle of justice as fairness, especially protection for the injured party, as well as Gustav Radbruch's theory of legal certainty which places legal certainty as an essential element in ensuring the effective and consistent functioning of the law. The research results show that the DPA can be held legally accountable if proven negligent in carrying out its supervisory, control, and reporting functions related to the implementation of ship safety systems. This accountability can take the form of administrative, civil, or criminal sanctions, depending on the level of error and the impact of the incident. This research emphasizes the importance of enforcing the DPA's responsibilities fairly and decisively to improve shipping safety and legal certainty in the national shipping industry.

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