Prinsip Majority Rule Dalam Perseroan Terbatas Sebagai Monopoli Persaingan Usaha Antitesis Keadilan Ekonomi Pancasila

Kristiani, Bernadette Holli (2026) Prinsip Majority Rule Dalam Perseroan Terbatas Sebagai Monopoli Persaingan Usaha Antitesis Keadilan Ekonomi Pancasila. S3 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Perseroan Terbatas (PT), sebagai badan usaha berbentuk hukum, yang dominan dalam sistem ekonomi Indonesia, memiliki struktur pengambilan keputusan berdasarkan prinsip aturan mayoritas. Meskipun prinsip ini dinilai efisien dalam menjalankan perusahaan, namun pada pelaksanaannya dapat menyebabkan dominasi kelompok mayoritas atas pemegang saham minoritas. Ketika prinsip ini benar-benar dilaksanakan tanpa mekanisme perlindungan minoritas, hal tersebut dapat mengakibatkan timbulnya praktik monopoli dan mengabaikan prinsip keadilan ekonomi Pancasila, yang mengutamakan keseimbangan antara kepentingan individu dan kepentingan bersama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan peraturan mayoritas suatu Perseroan Terbatas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan tipologi penelitian normatif yaitu membuat uraian secara jelas,sistematis,nyata dan tepat mengenai fakta-fakta,yang kemudian dianalisis untuk mendapatkan fakta-fakta yang diinginkan. Materi Hukum dalam Prosedur Pengumpulan Bahan Hukum dalam Penelitian ini yaitu Penelitian Hukum Normatif adalah materi hukum yang dikaji dan dianalisis, antara lain bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier yang dilakukan dengan cara penelitian kepustakaan. Teknik penelaahan dan pengumpulan ketiga bahan hukum tersebut melalui data sekunder yang meliputi bahan hukum primer. Data yang diperoleh dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan analisa data deskriptif analisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia menganut konsep Negara Kesejahteraan berdasarkan Pancasila yang tercermin dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945 dan Pasal 33 UUD 1945 yang mengamanatkan pemerintah untuk melindungi, mensejahterakan, dan mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, serta ikut serta dalam ketertiban dunia demi keadilan sosial. Pendekatan Hukum Eonomi (AEH) menjadi relevan untuk menganalisis dan menghubungkan antara keadilan dan kepastian hukum, serta mendorong untuk mewujudkan kembalinya sistem ekonomi Pancasila berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan dan keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Kata Kunci :Kekuasaan Mayoritas, Perseroan Terbatas, Monopoli, Persaingan Usaha, Keadilan Ekonomi Pancasila / Limited Liability Company (PT),as the dominant from of business entity in the Indonesian economic system,has a decision making structure based on the majority rule principle.Although this principle is considered efficient in running the compnay,in practice,it can lead to the domination of the majority group over minority shareholders.When this principle is practice absolutely without a minority protection mechanism,it can lead to monopolistic practices and ignore the principle of economic justice of Pancasila,which prioritizes the balance between individual interests and collective interests.This research aims to analyze the application of the majority rule Limited Liability Companies in Indonesia. This research uses a normative research typology, namely making clear, systematic, real and precise descriptions of facts, which are then analyzed to obtain the desired facts. Legal Material in the Procedure for Collecting Legal Material in this Research, namely Normative Legal Research, is legal material that is studied and analyzed, including primary, secondary and tertiary legal material carried out by means of library research. The technique for reviewing and collecting these three legal materials is through secondary data which includes primary legal materials. The data obtained was collected using descriptive qualitative data analysis.The results show that Indonesia adheres to the concept of a Welfare State based on Pancasila,which is reflected in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution and Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution,which mandates the government to protect,prosper,and educate tha nation’s life,as well as participate in world order for social justice.However,the inclusion of elements led to misalignment with the initial goal of social justice for all people,which can be seen from the high poverty and unemployment rates.Therefore,the Economic Analysis of Law (EAL) approach becomes relevant to analyze and bridge justice and legal certainty,encouraging a return to the Pancasila economic system based on the principle of kinship in order to realize welfare and substantive justice for all Indonesia people. Keywords: Majority Rule, Limited Liability Company, Monopoly, Business Competition, Economic Justice, Pancasila

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