Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Nasabah Asuransi Gagal Bayar (Studi Kasus PT. Asuransi Jiwa Adisarana Wanaartha Dalam Likuidasi)

Hutauruk, Eddy Sutrisno Marolop (2024) Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Nasabah Asuransi Gagal Bayar (Studi Kasus PT. Asuransi Jiwa Adisarana Wanaartha Dalam Likuidasi). S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Perusahaan asuransi yang merupakan lembaga keuangan non-bank mengumpulkan premi dari nasabahnya yang kemudian dikelola untuk dapat digunakan membayar klaim nasabah. Dalam prakteknya perusahaan asuransi menjual produk asuransi yang lebih memberikan manfaat investasi dibandingkan proteksi risiko sehingga menimbulkan gagal bayar disaat tingkat pengembalian yang dijanjikan dalam polis tidak sesuai dengan pendapatan investasi dan mengakibatkan ketidakmampuan perusahaan membayar klaim mengakibatkan perusahaan asuransi mengalami likuidasi dan pailit. Penelitian ini membahas perlindungan hukum dan penerapan kepastian hukum bagi nasabah asuransi gagal bayar dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif untuk menganalisa norma hukum perundang-undangan, peraturan-peraturan ataupun bahan hukum yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus perusahaan asuransi dalam likuidasi, pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan untuk dapat diteliti dan mengkaji rekomendasi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan untuk menyelesaikan kasus gagal bayar manfaat asuransi yang akhirnya dapat memberikan kepastian hukum bagi nasabah asuransi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa peraturan perlindungan nasabah asuransi bersifat preventif dan represif diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, namun kepastian hukum bagi nasabah atas gagal bayar perusahaan asuransi melalui likuidasi belum sepenuhnya dapat memenuhi kewajiban perusahaan sehingga diharapkan pengaturan atas gagal bayar perusahaan asuransi sampai ke tahap kepailitan. Keberadaan pihak independen dalam kepengurusan perusahaan perlu dipertimbangkan juga sebagai perpanjangan pengawasan atas penerapan peraturan dan kepentingan nasabah/Insurance companies, which are non-bank financial institutions, collect premiums from their customers which are then managed to be used to pay customer claims. In practice, insurance companies sell insurance products that provide more investment benefits than risk protection, resulting in failure to pay when the rate of return promised in the policy does not match investment income and results in the company's inability to pay claims resulting in the insurance company experiencing liquidation and bankruptcy. This research discusses legal protection and the implementation of legal certainty for insurance customers who fail to pay by using normative research methods to analyze legal norms, regulations or legal materials related to research. This research uses a case study approach of insurance companies in liquidation, a conceptual and statutory approach to research and examine the Financial Services Authority's recommendations for resolving cases of failure to pay insurance benefits which can ultimately provide legal certainty for insurance customers. Based on the research results, it is concluded that insurance customer protection regulations are preventive and repressive in nature, regulated in statutory regulations, but legal certainty for customers regarding insurance company failure to pay through liquidation has not fully fulfilled the company's obligations so it is hoped that regulation of insurance company failure to pay will reach the stage bankruptcy. The existence of an independent party in company management also needs to be considered as an extension of supervision over the implementation of regulations and customer interests.

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