KEDUDUKAN HUKUM KREDITOR SEPARATIS PEMEGANG HAK TANGGUNGAN DALAM PROSES KEPAILITAN PERUSAHAAN PENGEMBANG (DEVELOPER)

SETIADI, IMAM (2025) KEDUDUKAN HUKUM KREDITOR SEPARATIS PEMEGANG HAK TANGGUNGAN DALAM PROSES KEPAILITAN PERUSAHAAN PENGEMBANG (DEVELOPER). S2 thesis, PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN INDONESIA.

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Abstract

Judul: Kedudukan Hukum Kreditor Separatis Pemegang Hak Tanggungan Dalam Proses Kepailitan Perusahaan Pengembang (Developer) Penelitian ini terkait kedudukan hukum kreditor pemegang Hak Tanggungan dalam transaksi jual beli tanah dan bangunan yang menjadi objek Hak Tanggungan oleh debitor pailit kepada konsumen. Meskipun secara normatif kreditor pemegang Hak Tanggungan memiliki kedudukan sebagai kreditor separatis sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Hak Tanggungan dan Undang-Undang Kepailitan, dalam praktiknya hak eksekutorial kreditor sering kali berbenturan dengan putusan pengadilan yang memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada konsumen pembeli unit apartemen yang menjadi objek Hak Tanggungan. Jenis penelitian yang dipergunakan ketika penyusunan tesis ialah penelitian yuridis normatif (metode penelitian hukum normatif). Penelitian hukum normatif ialah sebuah proses guna mencari sebuah peraturan, prinsip, ataupun doktrin hukum guna menyelesaikan masalah. Penelitian ini menggunkan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan (satute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach). Sebagai kesimpulan, Pertama. Putusan pailit terhadap perusahaan pengembang properti sebagai debitor menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi kreditor pemegang hak tanggungan, terutama ketika jaminan telah dijual kepada konsumen. Konflik muncul antara hak kreditor sebagai pemegang hak prioritas dan perlindungan konsumen sebagai pembeli beritikad baik. Regulasi saat ini, seperti UU Kepailitan dan UU Hak Tanggungan, dinilai belum memberikan solusi yang jelas, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian. Kedua, Undang-Undang Kepailitan dibentuk untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada para kreditor apabila debitor tidak membayar utang-utangnya, kreditor diharapkan dapat memperoleh akses terhadap harta kekayaan dari debitor yang dinyatakan pailit, hal tersebut karena debitor tidak mampu lagi membayar utang-utangnya serta Kreditor pemegang hak tanggungan (kreditor separatis) seharusnya tetap mendapatkan perlindungan hukum maksimal sesuai dengan prinsip lex specialis dari UUHT yang memberikan kewenangan parate eksekusi, meskipun terdapat batasan waktu dalam pelaksanaannya sebagaimana diatur dalam UU Kepailitan. Kata Kunci: Kreditor, Hak Tanggungan, Hukum Kepailitan. / Title: The Legal Standing of Secured Creditors Holding Mortgage Rights in the Bankruptcy Process of a Property Developer This research is related to the legal position of creditors holding mortgage rights in land and building sales transactions that are the object of mortgage rights by bankrupt debtors to consumers. Although normatively creditors holding mortgage rights have the position of separatist creditors as regulated in the Mortgage Rights Law and the Bankruptcy Law, in practice the creditor's executorial rights often conflict with court decisions that provide legal protection to consumers who buy apartment units that are the object of mortgage rights. The type of research used when compiling the thesis is normative legal research (normative legal research method). Normative legal research is a process to find a regulation, principle, or legal doctrine to solve a problem. This research uses the statutory approach method (statute approach) and the conceptual approach (conceptual approach). In conclusion, first, the bankruptcy decision against the property development company as the debtor creates legal uncertainty for creditors holding mortgage rights, especially when the collateral has been sold to consumers. Conflict arises between the creditor's rights as the holder of priority rights and consumer protection as a buyer in good faith. Current regulations, such as the Bankruptcy Law and the Mortgage Law, are considered not to provide a clear solution, thus creating uncertainty. Second, the Bankruptcy Law was formed to provide protection to creditors if the debtor does not pay his debts. Creditors are expected to be able to gain access to the assets of the debtor who is declared bankrupt. This is because the debtor is no longer able to pay his debts, and creditors holding mortgage rights (separate creditors) should still receive maximum legal protection in accordance with the principle of lex specialis from the UUHT, which provides parate execution authority, although there is a time limit in its implementation as regulated in the Bankruptcy Law. Keywords: creditors; mortgage rights; bankruptcy law

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