Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen dalam Asuransi Perkapalan (Marine Hull Insurance) Sebagai Upaya Pengembangan Ekonomi Indonesia = Legal Protection for Consumers in Marine Hull Insurance in an Effort to Develop the Indonesian Economy

Simanjuntak, Marihot (2023) Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen dalam Asuransi Perkapalan (Marine Hull Insurance) Sebagai Upaya Pengembangan Ekonomi Indonesia = Legal Protection for Consumers in Marine Hull Insurance in an Effort to Develop the Indonesian Economy. S3 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Pertumbuhan ekonomi mendorong pertumbuhan asuransi, dan pertumbuhan asuransi mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Terdapat beberapa rumusan masalah yaitu: Pertama: apakah perlindungan hukum konsumen dalam asuransi perkapalan (marine hull); Kedua: mengapa perlindungan hukum konsumen pada asuransi perkapalan belum terpenuhi; Ketiga: bagaimana upaya perlindungan hukum konsumen pada asuransi perkapalan (marine hull) sebagai upaya pengembangan ekonomi Indonesia. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode penelitian dengan pendekatan hukum normatif dan empiris. Juga dikaitkan dengan beberapa putusan pengadilan dan perbandingan dengan beberapa negara terkait perlindungan hukum konsumen asuransi marine hull. Bahan hukum yang merupakan bahan dasar yang akan dijadikan acuan atau pijakan dalam penulisan ini. Adapun yang menjadi bahan hukum dalam penulisan penelitian ini terdiri atas 3 (tiga) bagian, yaitu: bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan 3 (tiga) kesimpulan yaitu: Pertama: Perlindungan hukum konsumen dalam asuransi perkapalan (marine hull) yakni perlindungan hukum secara preventif dan perlindungan hukum secara represif. Kedua: Alasan perlindungan hukum konsumen pada asuransi perkapalan belum terpenuhi karena dalam melakukan klaim asuransi marine hull banyak persyaratan yang harus dilakukan oleh penanggung seperti kerusakan kapal yang harus memenuhi unsur-unsur sebagai objek asuransi yang memiliki resiko asuransi. Selain itu tidak adanya kepastian hukum secara khusus yang mengatur perlindungan hukum konsumen pada asuransi perkapalan di Indonesia menghambat terpenuhinya perlindungan hukum konsumen pada asuransi perkapalan yang efektif. Ketiga: Upaya perlindungan hukum konsumen pada asuransi perkapalan (marine hull) sebagai upaya pengembangan ekonomi Indonesia melalui perjanjian dan dengan bentuk perlindungan berupa kontrak asuransi yang memiliki klausula baku yang adil dan melibatkan unsur-unsur dalam polis asuransi. Selanjutnya melakukan upaya hukum melalui Arbitrasi, LAPS-SJK yang diganti ke BANI karena LAPS SJK dibawah OJK menjadi conflict of interest dan menegaskan penunjukan Badan Arbitrase khususnya pada kasus-kasus perdata. Kata kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Asuransi, Marine Hull, Pengembangan Ekonomi Indonesia. / Legal protection for consumers in insurance agreements and practices as one of Indonesia's economic development efforts has been regulated in the Civil Code, the Commercial Code, Law No. 40 of 2014 concerning Insurance Business and the Consumer Protection Act. Each of these rules contains related to the legal protection of insurance agreements. Legal protection for insurance customers, the insurance (guarantor) will provide compensation to the insured (customer) in accordance with the methods and conditions contained in the policy. Against losses caused by guaranteed risks such as loss of property resulting from a hazard or disaster. Because general insurance companies have an obligation to pay/compensate losses to customers due to bankruptcy events within the insurance company, so as not to harm their customers. Consumer law protection in shipping insurance and based on comparative law in five countries (England, Singapore, Malasya, Philippine and Indonesia), the statement using English law in the wording of insurance policy agreements for areas in Indonesia is important to be updated as one of Indonesia's economic development efforts is a standard the wording of the shipping insurance policy must be changed to comply with Indonesian law. So that when a claim case occurs in Indonesia, the settlement of claims does not become multi-interpreted, blurred and there is legal certainty. 2) Efforts to protect consumer law on Marine Hull insurance through agreements and other measures in practice, namely legal protection given to customers for failed Marine Hull insurance claims due to non-transparency of information in insurance policies. insurance contracts that have standard clauses that are fair and involve elements in insurance policies, such as bargaining position, negotiation, and proportionality, balance. Furthermore, repressive legal protection is given under BANI to be more independent, and confirms the appointment of the Arbitration Board especially in civil cases. 3) Consumer law protection efforts for insurance in general and shipping insurance in particular as one of Indonesia's economic development efforts that consumer legal protection for marine hull insurance through agreements and other efforts in practice namely for law enforcement and legal certainty. Keywords: Consumer Legal Protection, Insurance, Marine Hull, Economic Development.

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