Gambaran Kejadian Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) pada Sectio Caesarea Anestesi Spinal di RSIA Sayyidah Periode Januari-Februari 2023

Adani, Vaniara (2023) Gambaran Kejadian Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) pada Sectio Caesarea Anestesi Spinal di RSIA Sayyidah Periode Januari-Februari 2023. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) atau sakit kepala tusukan pascadural adalah sakit kepala yang disebabkan oleh kebocoran cairan serebrospinal dari tempat pungsi yang terjadi dalam lima hari setelah pungsi lumbal. Hal ini biasanya disertai dengan kekakuan leher dan/atau gangguan pendengaran. Sakit kepala bilateral yang berasal dari daerah frontal, retroorbital, atau oksipital dan menyebar ke leher sering terjadi. Adanya fotofobia dan mual dapat menyertai nyeri yang berdenyut atau menetap. Tanda-tanda Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) antara lain sakit kepala yang memburuk saat berdiri atau duduk dan membaik saat berbaring dapat disertai beberapa gejala lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melaporkan distribusi frekuensi kejadian Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) pada pasien yang menjalani anestesi spinal untuk sectio caesarea di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Sayyidah selama periode dua bulan yaitu Januari-Februari 2023. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pengambilan data sekunder berupa rekam medis di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Sayyidah selama periode Januari-Februari 2023. Di antara 92 wanita yang menjalani anestesi spinal untuk sectio caesarea dalam penelitian ini, 14 mengalami sakit kepala tusukan pascadural atau Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 9 pasien (64,3%) dalam rentang usia 26-35 tahun, 5 pasien (36%) memiliki riwayat Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH), 6 pasien (42,9%) menggunakan jarum Spinocan 25G, 7 pasien (50%) diberi penusukan sebanyak lebih dari 1 kali, 5 pasien (36%) memiliki IMT (Indeks Massa Tubuh) normal. Faktor risiko seperti usia, riwayat Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH), ukuran jarum, banyak penusukkan, dan IMT (Indeks Masssa Tubuh) memengaruhi risiko terjadinya PDPH. Kata Kunci: PDPH, sectio caesarea, Anestei Spinal. / In the five days following a lumbar puncture, CSS leakage from the puncture site might induce a headache known as postdural puncture headache (PDPH). As a result, patients may experience hearing loss and/or neck stiffness. Bilateral headaches originating in the frontal, retroorbital, or occipital region and radiating to the neck are common. Throbbing or persistent pain may be accompanied by photophobia and nausea. Signs of PDPH include headaches that worsen while standing or sitting and better while lying down with other symptoms with it. The goal of this study was to report on the frequency distributions of Post Dural Puncture Headaches (PDPH) in patients who underwent spinal anaesthesia for a sectio caesarean over a two-month period from January to February 2023 at RSIA Sayyidah. This study used quantitative method by collecting secondary data in the form of medical records at RSIA Sayyidah during the period January-February 2023. Among the 92 women who underwent spinal anaesthesia for a sectio caesarea in this study, 14 developed postdural puncture headaches. 9 patients (64.3% of the total) between the ages of 26 and 35, 5 patients (36%) had a history of PDPH, 6 patients (42.9%) used Spinocan 25G needles, 7 patients (50%) were given puncture more than 1 time, 5 patients (36%) had normal BMI. Risk factors such as age, history of Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH), needle size, number of punctures, and BMI (Body Mass Index) affect the risk of developing PDPH Keywords: PDPH, sectio caesarea, Spinal Anesthesia

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