Pemaknaan Khalayak Terhadap Foto Korban Pandemi Covid-19 di Media Online Nationalgeographic.com

Wulandari, Sherina Dewi (2021) Pemaknaan Khalayak Terhadap Foto Korban Pandemi Covid-19 di Media Online Nationalgeographic.com. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Pandemi Covid-19 menjadi perhatian di seluruh dunia karena dampak yang diberikan cukup besar dan memakan banyak korban jiwa. Media berusaha menunjukkan keadaan pandemi Covid-19 kepada khalayak luas dengan menunjukkan foto korban Covid-19 sebagai pengingat tentang bahaya Covid-19. Foto tersebut menjadi perhatian dan menimbulkan pro dan kontra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut bagaimana pemaknaan khalayak terhadap foto jurnalistik mengenai korban pandemi Covid-19. Teori resepsi (encoding-decoding) oleh Stuart Hall digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk melihat bagaimana pemaknaan masyarakat yang terbagi menjadi tiga posisi pemaknaan. Dengan metode penelitian kualitatif, data penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan enam informan yang dipilih berdasarkan purposive sampling, dengan latar belakang yang berbeda-beda baik dalam sosial, pendidikan, pekerjaan,usia, budaya, ataupun ekonomi. Hasil penelitian dikelompokkan menjadi tiga posisi pemaknaan yakni posisi hegemoni dominan, posisi negosiasi, dan posisi oposisi. Dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tiga dari enam informan berada pada posisi hegemoni dominan yang berarti bahwa makna pesan media dalam foto korban pandemi Covid-19 ini dapat diterima sebagai suatu peringatan dan himbauan terhadap bahayanya Covid-19 di masyarakat. Lalu didapatkan dua informan pada posisi oposisi yang memberikan penolakan terhadap makna dominan dari media,dan satu informan pada posisi negosiasi yang dapat menerima makna pesan media namun juga memiliki pandangan yang berbeda terhadap bagian pesan tertentu. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi informan dalam memberikan pemaknaannya di antaranya adalah faktor latar belakang pendidikan, pengetahuan, lingkungan sosial, faktor psikologis, dan pengalaman./ The Covid-19 pandemic has become a worldwide concern because the impact it has given is quite large and takes many lives. The media is trying to show the state of the Covid-19 pandemic to a wide audience by showing photos of Covid-19 victims as a reminder of the dangers of Covid-19. The photo is a concern and raises the pros and cons. This study aims to find out more about how the audience interprets photojournalism regarding the victims of the Covid-19 pandemic. Reception theory (encoding-decoding) by Stuart Hall is used in this study to see how the meaning of society is divided into three positions of meaning. With qualitative research methods, this research data was obtained through in-depth interviews with six informants selected based on purposive sampling, with different backgrounds in social, education, occupation, age, culture, or economy. The results of the study are grouped into three positions of meaning, namely the dominant hegemonic position,the negotiating position, and the opposition position. This research shows that three of the six informants are in a dominant hegemonic position, which means that the meaning of media messages in photos of victims of the Covid-19 pandemic can be accepted as a warning and an appeal to the dangers of Covid-19 in society. Then we got two informants in the opposition position who rejected the dominant meaning of the media, and one informant in the negotiating position who could accept the meaning of media messages but also had different views on certain parts of the message. The factors that influence informants in giving their meaning include educational background factors, knowledge, social environment, psychological factors, and experience.

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