Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengguna Jasa Parkir Di Wilayah DKI Jakarta Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Perlindungan Konsumen

Sudarmanto, Nicholas Arlovigus (2026) Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengguna Jasa Parkir Di Wilayah DKI Jakarta Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Perlindungan Konsumen. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penyelenggaraan perparkiran di wilayah DKI Jakarta masih menghadapi permasalahan hukum, khususnya terkait ketidakpastian tanggung jawab atas kehilangan dan kerusakan kendaraan. Kondisi ini melemahkan posisi konsumen, terlebih dengan masih ditemukannya klausula eksonerasi pada karcis parkir yang membebaskan pengelola dari tanggung jawab, meskipun bertentangan dengan prinsip perlindungan konsumen yang menjamin hak atas keamanan dan kenyamanan. Secara metodologis, penelitian ini bersendikan pada tinjauan yuridis normatif yang mengoperasionalkan kerangka analisis berbasis perundang undangan (statute approach) sekaligus pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach). Adapun fondasi argumentasinya diekstraksi dari ragam instrumen hukum sekunder, yakni Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata), rezim regulasi perlindungan konsumen (UU Nomor 8 Tahun 1999), serta payung kebijakan perparkiran daerah yang tertuang dalam Perda Provinsi DKI Jakarta Nomor 5 Tahun 2012 dan Pergub DKI Jakarta Nomor 66 Tahun 2013. Guna memperkaya analisis doktrinal tersebut, studi ini turut menginkorporasikan temuan empiris sebagai sarana validasi yang dihimpun lewat observasi preskriptif pada sejumlah lokus perparkiran di kawasan DKI Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelenggara jasa parkir secara hukum berkewajiban memberikan pengawasan dan menjamin keamanan kendaraan pengguna jasa. Namun, perlindungan hukum tersebut belum efektif akibat penggunaan klausula baku sepihak. Selain itu, ketentuan ganti rugi dalam Pergub DKI Jakarta Nomor 66 Tahun 2013 dinilai tidak relevan karena nilai kompensasi yang rendah dan kendala pembuktian, terutama dalam sistem parkir digital tanpa karcis fisik. Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Konsumen, Jasa Parkir, DKI Jakarta, Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha, Klausula Eksonerasi / The organization of parking services in the DKI Jakarta region continues to face legal issues, particularly regarding uncertainty over liability for the loss of or damage to vehicles. This condition weakens the position of consumers, especially given the continued use of exoneration clauses on parking tickets that release parking operators from responsibility, despite being contrary to consumer protection principles that guarantee the right to safety and comfort. This study constitutes normative legal research utilizing both statutory and conceptual approaches. The sources of data consist of secondary legal materials, namely the Indonesian Civil Code, Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Regional Regulation of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Number 5 of 2012 regarding Parking, and Governor Regulation of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Number 66 of 2013. These materials are further complemented by empirical findings collected through direct observations conducted at various parking sites within the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. The results of the study indicate that parking service providers are legally obliged to conduct supervision and ensure the security of users’ vehicles. However, such legal protection has not been effectively implemented due to the use of unilateral standard clauses. In addition, the compensation provisions under DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation Number 66 of 2013 are considered ineffective, as the compensation value is relatively low and there are evidentiary difficulties, particularly in digital parking systems that do not issue physical parking tickets. Keywords : Consumer Protection, Parking Services, DKI Jakarta, Business Actors’ Liability, Exoneration Clauses

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