Pengaruh Hubungan Ruang dan Sirkulasi Terhadap Tingkat Layanan bagi Kenyamanan Pengguna (Studi Kasus Terminal 3 Bandara Soetta)

Dwinanto, Dwinanto (2026) Pengaruh Hubungan Ruang dan Sirkulasi Terhadap Tingkat Layanan bagi Kenyamanan Pengguna (Studi Kasus Terminal 3 Bandara Soetta). S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Bandara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta merupakan gerbang utama transportasi udara Indonesia dengan Terminal 3 sebagai terminal berkapasitas besar yang melayani pergerakan penumpang domestik dan internasional. Meningkatnya aktivitas penumpang menuntut kualitas tata ruang terminal yang mampu mendukung kelancaran sirkulasi, kemudahan orientasi, kualitas pelayanan, dan kenyamanan pengguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan konfigurasi spasial dan sirkulasi-wayfinding terhadap Level of Service (LoS) serta kenyamanan pengguna pada Terminal 3 Domestik Bandara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods dengan mengintegrasikan analisis Space Syntax untuk mengukur konfigurasi spasial, evaluasi sirkulasi dan wayfinding melalui observasi perilaku pengguna, pengukuran Level of Service berdasarkan Airport Development Reference Manual (IATA ADRM 12th Edition, 2022), serta analisis kenyamanan pengguna berdasarkan pendekatan Human Factors dan Human-Centered Design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa area dengan tingkat integration, connectivity, dan intelligibility yang tinggi cenderung membentuk pola pergerakan yang lebih efisien dan mudah dipahami. Namun demikian, pengaruh konfigurasi spasial dan sirkulasi-wayfinding terhadap kenyamanan pengguna tidak terjadi secara langsung, melainkan dimediasi oleh kualitas pelayanan ruang yang tercermin melalui Level of Service. Temuan penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa crossing movement, back-flow, jarak tempuh yang panjang menuju gate, serta kepadatan aktivitas pada beberapa area pelayanan berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan beban kognitif dan penurunan kenyamanan pengguna. Sintesis seluruh hasil analisis menghasilkan model hubungan sistemik antara konfigurasi spasial, sirkulasi-wayfinding, Level of Service, dan kenyamanan pengguna. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini menghasilkan arahan implementatif bagi optimalisasi Terminal 3 Soekarno–Hatta melalui peningkatan efisiensi sirkulasi, penguatan sistem wayfinding, dan kualitas ruang pengguna, serta arahan konseptual bagi pengembangan terminal bandara masa depan yang berorientasi pada efisiensi pergerakan, kualitas pelayanan, dan kenyamanan pengguna. / ABSTRACT Soekarno–Hatta International Airport serves as Indonesia’s primary air transportation gateway, with Terminal 3 functioning as a major passenger terminal accommodating both domestic and international traffic. The increasing volume of passenger activity requires terminal spatial planning that supports circulation efficiency, ease of orientation, service quality, and user comfort. This study aims to analyze the relationship between spatial configuration and circulation-wayfinding systems with Level of Service (LoS) and user comfort in Terminal 3 Domestic of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. A mixed-methods approach was employed by integrating Space Syntax analysis to evaluate spatial configuration, circulation and wayfinding assessment through behavioral observation, Level of Service evaluation based on the Airport Development Reference Manual (IATA ADRM 12th Edition, 2022), and user comfort analysis using Human Factors and Human-Centered Design approaches. The results indicate that areas with high levels of integration, connectivity, and intelligibility tend to generate more efficient and understandable movement patterns. However, the influence of spatial configuration and circulation-wayfinding on user comfort is not direct but mediated through service quality as represented by the Level of Service. The study also reveals that crossing movements, back-flow circulation, excessive walking distances to boarding gates, and localized congestion contribute to increased cognitive load and reduced user comfort. The synthesis of all findings produces a systemic relationship model demonstrating that spatial configuration shapes circulation and wayfinding patterns, which subsequently influence the Level of Service and ultimately affect user comfort. Based on these findings, the study proposes practical recommendations for optimizing Terminal 3 Soekarno–Hatta through improved circulation efficiency, strengthened wayfinding systems, and enhanced spatial quality, while also providing conceptual recommendations for future airport terminal development focused on movement efficiency, service quality, and user comfort. Keywords: Spatial Configuration, Space Syntax, Circulation and Wayfinding, Level of Service, User Comfort, Airport Terminal.

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