Pertanggung-Jawaban Perusahan Pemilik Kapal terhadap Kasus Pencemaran Lingkungan Sebagai Akibat Tumpahan Minyak Muatan Kapal di Laut di Indonesia

Nilawati, Andi (2023) Pertanggung-Jawaban Perusahan Pemilik Kapal terhadap Kasus Pencemaran Lingkungan Sebagai Akibat Tumpahan Minyak Muatan Kapal di Laut di Indonesia. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Transportasi laut difasilitasi melalui perjanjian kontrak antara dua entitas, yaitu Penyedia Jasa Pengangkutan atau Pemilik Kapal (disebut Pemilik Kapal) dan Pengguna Jasa atau Penyewa. Adanya perjanjian ini menimbulkan suatu kewajiban bagi Penyedia Jasa Pengangkut, yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan dan kesejahteraan kapal beserta barang-barangnya, khususnya dalam proses pelayaran atau pengangkutan, sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pasal 468 Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Dagang. Dampak tumpahan minyak dapat menimbulkan kerusakan yang signifikan terhadap ekosistem laut. Selain dampak ekonomi dan sosial langsung yang dirasakan masyarakat, dampak tumpahan minyak juga mencakup kerugian jangka panjang, terutama terhadap ekosistem laut, yang mungkin baru terlihat dalam jangka waktu lama setelah peristiwa tumpahan minyak. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Apa tanggung jawab perusahaan pemilik kapal terhadap tumpahan minyak di laut yang mengakibatkan pencemaran di laut dan (2)Bagaimana sinergi antara perusahaan pemilik kapal dan pemerintah dalam menanganimasalah pencemaran lingkungan akibat tumpahan minyak di laut. Penelitian inimenggunakan data sekunder yaitu data kepustakaan, data kepustakaan terdiri atas: (1) Bahanhukum primer, (2) Bahan hukum sekunder dan (3) Bahan hukum tersier. Penelitian inimenggunakan teori hukum pencemar membayar dan teori tanggung jawab hukum. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Permasalahan pencemaran laut akibat tumpahan minyak mempunyai dampak yang signifikan terhadap ekosistem laut dan kesejahteraan manusia. Menurut Pasal 67 Undang Undang Nomor 32/2009 Tentang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, setiap orang wajib menjunjung tinggi keutuhan lingkungan hidup, serta mencegah dan menanggulangi pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan hidup dan (2)Prinsip tanggung jawab mutlak/strict tanggung jawab dan konsep Pencemar Membayarbelum dilaksanakan. di Indonesia. Meskipun mempunyai implikasi positif terhadapkelestarian lingkungan dan kesejahteraan individu yang terkena dampak, pendekatan inimenunjukkan manfaat yang signifikan. Kata Kunci: Tanggung Jawab, Pencemaran Laut, Lingkungan Hidup / Maritime transportation is facilitated through a contractual agreement between two entities, namely the Transport Service Provider or Ship Owner (called Ship Owner) and the Service User or Charterer. The existence of this agreement creates an obligation for the Carrier Service Provider, which is related to the protection and welfare of the ship and its goods, especially in the shipping or transportation process, as stated in Article 468 of the Commercial Code. The impact of oil spills can cause significant damage to marine ecosystems. Apart from the direct economic and social impacts experienced by society, the impact of oil spills also includes long-term losses, especially to marine ecosystems, which may only become visible for a long time after the spill event. The formulation of the problem in this research is: (1) What is the responsibility of ship-owning companies for oil spills at sea which result in pollution at sea and (2) What is the synergy between ship-owning companies and the government in dealing with the problem of environmental pollution due to oil spills at sea. This research uses secondary data, namely library data, library data consists of: (1) Primary legal materials, (2) Secondary legal materials and (3) Tertiary legal materials. This research uses the legal theory of the polluter pays and the theory of legal responsibility. The conclusions of this research are: (1) The problem of marine pollution due to oil spills has a significant impact on marine ecosystems and human welfare. According to Article 67 of Undang Undang Nomor 32/2009 Tentang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, everyone is obliged to uphold the integrity of the environment, as well as prevent and overcome environmental pollution and damage and (2) The principle of absolute responsibility/strict liability and the concept of Polluter Pays have not been implemented in Indonesia. Despite having positive implications for environmental sustainability and the well-being of affected individuals, this approach shows significant benefits. Keywords: Responsibility, Marine Pollution, Environment

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