Skrining Fitokimia, Uji Toksisitas dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Binahong (Anredera cordiofilia (Ten.) Steenis)

Dimara, Renni Sherlin Novi (2022) Skrining Fitokimia, Uji Toksisitas dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Binahong (Anredera cordiofilia (Ten.) Steenis). S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Masyarakat menggunakan berbagai tanaman obat sebagai alternatif dalam menyembuhkan penyakit, antara lain tanaman binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis). Binahong secara empiris telah digunakan untuk menyembuhkan luka setelah operasi, memar, pegal linu, rematik, nyeri urat, sakit maag, wasir, melancarkan pencernaan, meningkatkan stamina tubuh, dan mencegah kanker. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui golongan sekunder, tingkat toksisitas dan aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak daun binahong. Daun Binahong diekstraksi dengan pelarut etanol 70% dan metanol 70% menggunakan metode maserasi. Ekstrak binahong dilakukan uji fitokimia dengan metode Harborne, uji toksisitas dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Uji fitokimia ekstrak etanol 70% daun binahong terdapat senyawa aktif golongan flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan steroid, sedangkan ekstrak metanol 70% daun binahong hanya terdapat senyawa aktif golongan saponin dan steroid. Hasil uji toksisitas menunjukkan bahwa nilai Lethal Concentration50 (LC50) ekstrak etanol 70% dan metanol 70% daun binahong masing-masing sebesar 85.608 ppm dan 185,648 ppm, sedangkan uji antioksidan diketahui nilai Inhibitory Concentration50 (IC50) ekstrak etanol 70% dan metanol 70% daun binahong masing-masing sebesar 370,26 ppm dan 318,85 ppm. Oleh karena hal tersebut maka ekstrak etanol 70% dan metanol 70% daun binahong berpotensi menjadi sebagai antikanker./ People use various medicinal plants as alternatives in curing diseases, including the binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis). Binahong has been empirically used to heal wounds after surgery, bruises, soreness, rheumatism, urate pain, stomach ulcers, hemorrhoids, improve digestion, increase body stamina, and prevent cancer. The study was conducted to determine the secondary metabolites, the level of toxicity and antioxidant activity of binahong leaf extract. Binahong leaves were extracted with 70% ethanol solvent and 70% methanol using the maceration method. Binahong extract was carried out phytochemical tests using the Harborne method, toxicity tests using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method, and antioxidant activity tests with the 2,2-diphenyl-1picrilhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The phytochemical test results of ethanol extract 70% binahong leaves contain active compounds in the flavonoid, tannin, saponin and steroid groups, while methanol extract 70% binahong leaves only have active compounds in the saponin and steroid groups. . The phytochemical test results of ethanol extract 70% binahong leaves contain active compounds in the flavonoid, tannin, saponin and steroid groups, while methanol extract 70% binahong leaves only have active compounds in the saponin and steroid groups. Therefore, 70% ethanol extract and 70% methanol from binahong leaves have the potential to become anticancer.

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