Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Kulit Durian (Durio zibethinus L. Murr) dan Ekstrak Getah Gambir (Uncaria gambier Roxb) terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615

Mahendra, Leo (2022) Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Kulit Durian (Durio zibethinus L. Murr) dan Ekstrak Getah Gambir (Uncaria gambier Roxb) terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Resistensi mikroba terhadap antibiotik klasik dan perkembangannya yang cepat telah menimbulkan perhatian serius dalam pengobatan penyakit menular. Baru-baru ini, banyak penelitian diarahkan untuk menemukan solusi yang menjanjikan untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Uji fitokimia telah mengerahkan aktivitas antibakteri potensial terhadap patogen sensitif dan resisten melalui mekanisme aksi yang berbeda. Beberapa tanaman dan bagiannya berpotensi untuk diselidiki dan dikembangkan sebagai pengobatan infeksi bakteri S. pyogenes. Salah satunya adalah kulit durian (Durio zibethinus L. Murr) dan getah gambir (Uncaria gambier Roxb) yang telah digunakan oleh masyarakat tradisional di Kalimantan Tengah untuk mengobati infeksi kulit. Kulit durian dan getah gambir yang mengandung berbagai senyawa antara lain katekin, polifenol, saponin, alkaloid, tanin bersifat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak metanol kulit durian, getah gambir dan kombinasi keduanya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. pyogenes menggunakan metode mikrodilusi. Nilai absorbansi yang didapat kemudian dihitung dengan rumus persentase inhibisi dan hasil dari kontrol positif klindamisin lebih tinggi yaitu 2.777±0.07 dibandingkan dengan perlakuan ekstrak kulit durian, getah gambir dan kombinasi keduanya. Konsentrasi ekstrak 100 mg/ml memiliki persentase inhibisi paling tinggi 87.05% (2.4175 ±0.04) pada getah gambir. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan ekstrak getah gambir, kulit durian dan kombinasi keduanya efektif menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. pyogenes./ Microbial resistance against classical antibiotics and their rapid development have given rise to serious attention in the treatment of infectious diseases. Recently, a lot of research has been focused towards finding a promising solution to this problem. Phytochemical test has exerted potential antibacterial activity against sensitive and resistant pathogens through different mechanisms of action. Several plants and parts of them have the potential to be explored and developed as a treatment for S. pyogenes bacterial infection. Two of them are gambir sap (Uncaria gambier Roxb) and durian peel (Durio zibethinus L. Murr) that has been used by local people in Central Kalimantan to treat skin infection. Durian peel and gambir sap which contains various compounds including catechins, polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins are antibacterial. The aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of methanol extract of gambir sap, durian peel and combination of both in inhibiting the growth of S. pyogenes bacteria using the microdilution method. The absorbance value obtained then calculated by inhibition percentage formula and the results of the positive control of clindamycin were higher, which is 2.777±0.07 compared to durian peel, gambir sap and combination of both treatments. Extract concentration of 100 mg/ml had the highest percentage of inhibition 87.05% (2.4175 ±0.04) in gambir sap. Based on these data, it can be concluded that extract of durian peel, gambir sap and combination of both are effective for growth inhibition of S. pyogenes bacteria.

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