Pengaruh Penerapan Kembali Terminal High Altitude Area Defense Oleh Presiden Yoon Seok Yeol Terhadap Dilema Keamanan Di Kawasan Asia Timur

Diestoni, Eraskha Paskhalia Christalent (2026) Pengaruh Penerapan Kembali Terminal High Altitude Area Defense Oleh Presiden Yoon Seok Yeol Terhadap Dilema Keamanan Di Kawasan Asia Timur. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penerapan kembali sistem Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) oleh Korea Selatan di bawah kepemimpinan Presiden Yoon Seok Yeol menandai perubahan signifikan dalam kebijakan keamanan di Kawasan Asia Timur. Kebijakan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya ancaman uji coba nuklir dan peluncuran rudal balistik Korea Utara, tetapi di sisi lain memunculkan respons beragam dari negara-negara di kawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penerapan kembali THAAD terhadap dinamika keamanan Asia Timur dengan menitikberatkan pada munculnya dilema keamanan di antara aktor-aktor kawasan, khususnya Korea Selatan, Korea Utara, Tiongkok, Jepang dan Amerika Serikat. Kajian pustaka dalam penelitian ini didasarkan pada konsep dilema keamanan yang dikemukakan oleh John H. Herz dan dikembangkan oleh Robert Jervis. Konsep-konsep tersebut digunakan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kebijakan pertahanan yang bersifat defensif dapat dipersepsikan sebagai ancaman oleh negara lain dan memicu peningkatan ketegangan kawasan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap sumber-sumber sekunder berupa jurnal ilmiah, buku, laporan resmi pemerintah, dan publikasi lembaga internasional. Data dianalisis secara sistematis untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara penerapan kembali THAAD dan perubahan pola interaksi keamanan di Asia Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan kembali THAAD memperkuat kerja sama keamanan trilateral Korea Selatan–Jepang–Amerika Serikat, namun secara simultan meningkatkan persepsi ancaman China dan Korea Utara. Kondisi ini mempertegas terjadinya dilema keamanan di Kawasan Asia Timur, di mana upaya peningkatan keamanan satu pihak justru berpotensi memperburuk stabilitas keamanan kawasan secara keseluruhan. / The reimplementation of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system by South Korea under the administration of President Yoon Seok Yeol marks a significant shift in security policy in the East Asian region. This policy is driven by the increasing threat of nuclear tests and ballistic missile launches by North Korea; however, it also generates diverse responses from regional actors. This study aims to analyze the impact of the reimplementation of THAAD on security dynamics in East Asia by focusing on the emergence of a security dilemma among regional actors, particularly South Korea, North Korea, China, Japan, and the United States. The literature review and analytical framework of this study are based on the concept of the security dilemma proposed by John H. Herz and further developed by Robert Jervis. This concept is used to explain how defense-oriented security policies can be perceived as threats by other states and subsequently trigger heightened regional tensions. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Research data are obtained through a literature review of secondary sources, including academic journals, scholarly books, official government reports, and publications from international organizations. The data are systematically analyzed to identify the relationship between the reimplementation of THAAD and changes in security interaction patterns in East Asia. The findings of this study indicate that the reimplementation of THAAD strengthens trilateral security cooperation among South Korea, Japan, and the United States, while simultaneously intensifying the perception of threats by China and North Korea. This condition further reinforces the emergence of a security dilemma in East Asia, wherein efforts to enhance security by one party may instead exacerbate regional security instability as a whole. Keywords: THAAD; Security Dilemma; East Asia

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