KETERGANTUNGAN STRUKTURAL DALAM SKEMA PEMBIAYAAN IKLIM : STUDI KASUS IMPLEMENTASI NDC INDONESIA MELALUI SKEMA DONOR GLOBAL

Buana, Aldino Cakra (2026) KETERGANTUNGAN STRUKTURAL DALAM SKEMA PEMBIAYAAN IKLIM : STUDI KASUS IMPLEMENTASI NDC INDONESIA MELALUI SKEMA DONOR GLOBAL. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang menghadapi tantangan besar dalam memenuhi komitmen pengendalian perubahan iklim di tengah keterbatasan kapasitas fiskal dan kebutuhan pembangunan yang tinggi. Dalam kerangka Paris Agreement, Indonesia menetapkan Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) sebagai instrumen utama untuk menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca serta meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Namun, pencapaian target NDC tersebut sangat bergantung pada dukungan pembiayaan iklim dari donor global. Skema pendanaan internasional seperti Green Climate Fund (GCF), Global Environment Facility (GEF), multilateral development banks (MDBs), serta kerja sama bilateral menjadi mekanisme strategis dalam menjembatani kebutuhan pembiayaan mitigasi, adaptasi, dan loss and damage di Indonesia. Ketergantungan pada pembiayaan donor global menempatkan Indonesia dalam dinamika hubungan struktural yang tidak hanya bersifat teknis, tetapi juga politis. Dalam hal ini, pembiayaan iklim dipahami sebagai bagian dari rezim internasional yang membentuk relasi antara negara maju dan negara berkembang, di mana agenda, syarat, dan prioritas donor berpotensi memengaruhi ruang kebijakan nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme implementasi NDC Indonesia melalui pembiayaan iklim donor global serta mengkaji implikasi ketergantungan struktural yang muncul dalam proses tersebut.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus terhadap kebijakan nasional, laporan pendanaan iklim, serta publikasi lembaga donor internasional. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan konsep climate finance dan teori dependensi untuk memahami pola hubungan Indonesia dengan donor global dalam arsitektur pembiayaan iklim internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendanaan donor global berperan penting dalam mendukung implementasi NDC Indonesia, terutama pada sektor mitigasi emisi dan program adaptasi berbasis masyarakat. Namun, ketergantungan terhadap donor juga memunculkan tantangan berupa fragmentasi tata kelola multilevel, volatilitas pendanaan, serta keterbatasan kemandirian kebijakan iklim nasional./ As a developing country, Indonesia faces significant challenges in fulfilling its climate change mitigation and adaptation commitments amid limited fiscal capacity and high development needs. Within the framework of the Paris Agreement, Indonesia has established Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) as the primary instrument to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance resilience to the impacts of climate change. However, the achievement of these NDC targets is highly dependent on climate finance support from global donors. International financing mechanisms such as the Green Climate Fund (GCF), the Global Environment Facility (GEF), multilateral development banks (MDBs), and bilateral cooperation serve as strategic instruments to bridge financing gaps for mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage in Indonesia. Reliance on global donor financing places Indonesia within a structural relationship that is not merely technical but also political in nature. In this context, climate finance is understood as an integral component of the international climate regime that shapes relations between developed and developing countries, where donor agendas, conditionalities, and priorities may influence national policy space. This study aims to analyze the mechanisms of Indonesia’s NDC implementation through global donor climate finance and to examine the implications of structural dependency arising from this process. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method, drawing on national policy documents, climate finance reports, and publications from international donor institutions. The analysis applies the concept of climate finance and dependency theory to understand the patterns of interaction between Indonesia and global donors within the international climate finance architecture. The findings indicate that global donor financing plays a crucial role in supporting Indonesia’s NDC implementation, particularly in emission mitigation initiatives and community-based adaptation programs. Nevertheless, dependence on donor funding also generates challenges, including multilevel governance fragmentation, funding volatility, and constraints on national climate policy autonomy.

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