Self-reported implant-site inflammatory reactions after COVID-19 vaccination among Indonesian cosmetic implant recipients: Cross-sectional survey

Harlim, Ago and Panjaitan, Hulman and Andrew, Hubert and Harlim, Chastine (2026) Self-reported implant-site inflammatory reactions after COVID-19 vaccination among Indonesian cosmetic implant recipients: Cross-sectional survey. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research, 14 (4). pp. 1-17. ISSN 0719-4250

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Abstract

Context: Delayed inflammatory reactions at cosmetic implant sites have been reported after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination, but population-level data from Indonesia remain limited. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of self-reported implant-site inflammatory reactions after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination among cosmetic implant users in Indonesia and to explore associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was distributed in Indonesia from November 2021 to July 2022. Respondents receiving at least one coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine dose who reported having a cosmetic implant were included. The primary outcome was self-reported localized redness, swelling, or pain at the implant site rather than clinically verified foreign-body reaction. Results: Among 1,610 valid responses, 266 respondents reported having cosmetic implants. Implant-site inflammatory reactions were reported by 10 respondents, corresponding to a period prevalence of 3.76% (95% CI: 1.82–6.80%). Adverse vaccine reactions were reported by 91 respondents (34.2%). An exploratory analysis suggested these respondents had higher odds of implant-site inflammatory reactions (OR: 4.78; 95% CI: 1.21–18.94; p = 0.04). However, this finding must be interpreted cautiously because only 10 events were observed and multivariable adjustment was not possible. No significant association was observed with age, sex, or vaccine type. Conclusions: A small proportion of respondents with cosmetic implants reported implant-site inflammatory symptoms following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. Because outcomes were self-reported, derived from a cross-sectional design, and key confounders were unmeasured, causal interpretation remains uncertain. These findings should be interpreted strictly as hypothesis-generating pharmacovigilance evidence. Prospective, clinically validated studies incorporating detailed implant characterization and reaction timing are required. Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines; cosmetic techniques; dermal fillers; inflammation; Indonesia; prostheses and implants.

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