Batasan Penagihan Utang Melalui Media Sosial dan Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Dalam Perspektif UU ITE (Studi Putusan No. 3563/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Mdn Jo. Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 4064 K/Pid.Sus/2021)

Sianipar, Yessika Violentina (2026) Batasan Penagihan Utang Melalui Media Sosial dan Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Dalam Perspektif UU ITE (Studi Putusan No. 3563/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Mdn Jo. Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 4064 K/Pid.Sus/2021). S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penggunaan media sosial sebagai sarana penagihan utang menimbulkan persoalan hukum mengenai batas antara pelaksanaan hak keperdataan dan tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik. Permasalahan ini penting karena penagihan utang yang dilakukan secara terbuka melalui media sosial tidak selalu memenuhi unsur pidana, sehingga diperlukan kajian mengenai batasan hukumnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan kasus. Bahan hukum primer terdiri atas UUD NRI Tahun 1945, KUHPerdata, KUHP, UU ITE, serta Putusan PN Medan No. 3563/Pid.Sus/2019 dan Putusan MA No. 4064 K/Pid.Sus/2021. Bahan hukum sekunder dan tersier diperoleh dari literatur, jurnal, dan kamus hukum yang dianalisis secara sistematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa batasan penagihan utang sebagai perbuatan perdata dan pidana terletak pada cara penyampaian dan isi muata informasi yang disampaikan ke publik. Penagihan utang sebagai perbuatan perdata jika dilakukan secara resmi melalui somasi, mediasi atau membuat gugatan wanprestasi. Dan dikatakan sebagai perbuatan pidana jika identitas debitur disebarluaskan secara publik dengan narasi yang menyerang kehormatan atau mempermalukan debitur di media sosial. Kata kunci: Penagihan Utang, Media Sosial, Pencemaran Nama Baik, Ultimum Remedium / The use of social media as a means of debt collection raises legal issues concerning the boundary between the exercise of civil rights and the criminal offense of defamation. This issue is significant because public debt collection through social media does not automatically fulfill the elements of a criminal act, thereby requiring legal clarification This study employs a normative legal research method with a case approach. Primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia, the Civil Code, the Criminal Code, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and the decisions of Medan District Court No. 3563/Pid.Sus/2019 and Supreme Court Decision No. 4064 K/Pid.Sus/2021. Secondary and tertiary materials were obtained from legal literature, journals, and legal dictionaries. The findings of this study indicate that the distinction between debt collection as a civil act and as a criminal act lies in the method of communication and the substance of the information disseminated to the public. Debt collection constitutes a civil act when it is conducted through lawful and formal legal mechanisms, such as the issuance of a demand letter (somation), mediation, or the filing of a breach of contract (default) claim. Conversely, debt collection may constitute a criminal act when the debtor's identity is publicly disclosed together with statements or narratives that attack the debtor's honour, reputation, or dignity, or are intended to humiliate the debtor through social media platforms. Keywords: Debt Collection, Social Media, Defamation, Ultimium Remedium

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