RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM KEJAHATAN PERBANKAN: DILEMA ANTARA PEMULIHAN KERUGIAN DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM DALAM KASUS PENGGELAPAN DANA BANK

Napitupulu, Sotarduga (2026) RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM KEJAHATAN PERBANKAN: DILEMA ANTARA PEMULIHAN KERUGIAN DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM DALAM KASUS PENGGELAPAN DANA BANK. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK A. Nama : Sotarduga Napitupulu B. NIM : 2340058055 C. Bagian : Hukum Ekonomi D. Judul Skripsi : Restorative Justice Dalam Kejahatan Perbankan: Dilema Antara Pemulihan Kerugian Dan Penegakan Hukum Dalam Kasus Penggelapan Dana Bank. E. Halaman : i - xiv + 85 Halaman, Daftar Pustaka. F. Kata Kunci : Restorative justice, penggelapan dana perbankan, Model MRJPI, hukum progresif Rahardjo, restitusi nasabah, kekosongan hukum. G. Ringkasan Isi : Sistem perbankan bertumpu pada kepercayaan, namun kepercayaan itu terus terkikis oleh tindak pidana perbankan yang menurut data OJK mencapai 847 kasus dengan kerugian Rp 27,3 triliun. Kekosongan hukum memperparah kondisi ini: Perja No. 15/2020 dan Perkap No. 8/2021 tentang restorative justice tidak dapat diterapkan pada tindak pidana perbankan karena batas ancaman pidana maksimal lima tahun, sementara penggelapan dana perbankan diancam 5-15 tahun. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana pengaturan hukum restorative justice secara normatif dalam sistem hukum pidana perbankan Indonesia, serta bagaimana implementasi, hambatan, dan model idealnya dalam kasus penggelapan dana bank yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap. Menggunakan metode hukum gabungan (normatif-empiris) dengan pendekatan komparatif terhadap Amerika Serikat, Inggris, dan Belanda, serta bertumpu pada Teori Restorative Justice Zehr dan Teori Hukum Progresif Rahardjo, penelitian ini menemukan kekosongan hukum yang nyata dan hambatan multi-level pada enam dimensi: normatif, kelembagaan, kapasitas SDM, psikologi korban, budaya hukum retributif, dan asimetri kekuasaan. Studi empiris atas empat perkara inkracht PT BPR Modern Express Ambon, PT BPR Tripanca Setiadana, PT BPR Duta Niaga Pontianak, dan PT Bank Century Tbk menunjukkan inisiatif restoratif spontan tidak pernah terkanalkan secara formal, sementara perbandingan internasional membuktikan pemulihan kerugian jauh lebih tinggi lewat Deferred Prosecution Agreement: 73-89% di AS, 78% di Inggris, dan 65-72% di Belanda. Penelitian menyimpulkan perlunya Model Restorative Justice Perbankan Indonesia (MRJPI) yang dibangun atas lima prinsip, selektivitas, non-eksklusivitas, korban-sentris, transparansi, dan proporsionalitas dengan standar restitusi minimum 85% dari kerugian yang tidak terlindungi LPS. Sebagai saran, penelitian merekomendasikan agar Jaksa Agung segera menerbitkan Perja baru sebagai langkah paling mendesak tanpa menunggu perubahan undang-undang, DPR dan Pemerintah merevisi UU Perbankan, OJK mengembangkan metodologi penghitungan kerugian dan sertifikasi fasilitator, serta Mahkamah Agung, Kepolisian, dan komunitas akademik hukum memperkuat kapasitas kelembagaan guna mewujudkan sistem hukum yang tidak sekadar menghukum tetapi benar-benar memulihkan kerugian korban. H. Daftar Acuan : 24 Buku + 11 peraturan perundang-undangan + 21 Putusan Pengadilan + 13 Berita Online I. Dosen Pembimbing I : Dr. Hendri Jayadi, S.H., M.H. Dosen Pembimbing II : Dr. Rr. Ani Wijayati, S.H., M.Hum."/"ABSTRACT A. Name : Sotarduga Napitupulu B. Student IDE Number : 2340058055 C. Departement : Economic Law D. Title : Restorative Justice in Banking Crimes: The Dilemma Between Loss Recovery and Law Enforcement in Bank Embezzlement Cases. E. Number of pages : i- xiv + 85 Page, bibliography F. Keywords : restorative justice, banking embezzlement, MRJPI Model, Rahardjo's progressive law, depositor restitution, legal vacuum. G. Summary : The banking system rests on trust, yet that trust is continually eroded by banking crimes, which OJK data records at 847 cases with losses reaching IDR 27.3 trillion. This is compounded by a legal vacuum: Attorney General Regulation No. 15/2020 and National Police Regulation No. 8/2021 on restorative justice cannot apply to banking crimes because they cap eligible sentences at five years, while banking embezzlement carries 5-15 years. This study examines how restorative justice is normatively regulated within Indonesia's banking criminal law system, and how it has been implemented, what barriers exist, and what the ideal model would be in final and binding banking embezzlement cases. Using a combined normative-empirical legal methodology with a comparative approach to the US, England, and the Netherlands, grounded in Zehr's Restorative Justice Theory and Rahardjo's Progressive Law Theory, the study finds a genuine legal vacuum and multi-level barriers across six dimensions: normative, institutional, human-capacity, victim psychology, retributive culture, and power asymmetry. Empirical analysis of four final-judgment cases, PT BPR Modern Express Ambon, PT BPR Tripanca Setiadana, PT BPR Duta Niaga Pontianak, and PT Bank Century Tbk, shows spontaneous restorative initiatives were never formally channeled, while international benchmarking reveals far higher recovery through Deferred Prosecution Agreements: 73-89% in the US, 78% in England, and 65-72% in the Netherlands. The study concludes that Indonesia needs a Banking Restorative Justice Model (MRJPI) built on five principles, selectivity, non-exclusivity, victim-centrism, transparency, and proportionality with a minimum restitution standard of 85% of unguaranteed depositor losses. As recommendations, the study urges the Attorney General to promptly issue a new regulation as the most urgent step requiring no legislative change, the House of Representatives and Government to revise the Banking Law, OJK to develop loss-calculation methodology and facilitator certification, and the Supreme Court, National Police, and legal academic community to strengthen institutional capacity, together building a legal system that not only punishes but genuinely restores victims' losses. H. Reference : 24 Book + 11 Legislations + 21 court ruling + 13 online news I. Thesis Advisor I : Dr. Hendri Jayadi, S.H., M.H. Thesis Advisor II : Dr. Rr. Ani Wijayati, S.H., M.Hum.

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