HARMONISASI PENGATURAN PENGELOLAAN ASET PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI KEDINASAN YANG BERSTATUS BADAN LAYANAN UMUM (BLU) PADA POLITEKNIK PENERBANGAN INDONESIA CURUG ( PPIC )

Sitompul, Yudhi Sari (2025) HARMONISASI PENGATURAN PENGELOLAAN ASET PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI KEDINASAN YANG BERSTATUS BADAN LAYANAN UMUM (BLU) PADA POLITEKNIK PENERBANGAN INDONESIA CURUG ( PPIC ). S3 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Judul Disertasi : Harmonisasi Pengaturan Pengelolaan Aset Pada Perguruan Tinggi Kedinasan Yang Berstatus Badan layanan Umum ( BLU ) Pada Politeknik Penerbangan Indonesia Curug ( PPIC ) Kata Kunci : Badan Layanan Umum, PPIC, Pengelolaan Aset, , Harmonisasi Regulasi, Globalisasi dan tuntutan terhadap pelayanan publik yang lebih cepat, efisien, dan berkualitas telah mendorong Pemerintah Indonesia untuk melakukan reformasi besar di bidang keuangan negara. Salah satu bentuk nyata dari reformasi ini adalah lahirnya lembaga Badan Layanan Umum (BLU) sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2004 tentang Perbendaharaan Negara dan diperjelas melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2005 jo. PP Nomor 74 Tahun 2012. BLU memberikan fleksibilitas dalam pengelolaan keuangan dan aset negara, dengan prinsip efisiensi dan produktivitas, tanpa kehilangan statusnya sebagai institusi pemerintah. Politeknik Penerbangan Indonesia Curug (PPIC) sebagai perguruan tinggi kedinasan di bawah Kementerian Perhubungan merupakan salah satu institusi pendidikan yang telah bertransformasi menjadi BLU. Dengan status BLU, PPIC memiliki kewenangan untuk mengelola pendapatan dan asetnya secara langsung demi menunjang kegiatan akademik dan pelayanan publik. Salah satu aset utama PPIC adalah lebih dari 40 unit pesawat latih, yang berpotensi besar untuk dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Namun, kenyataannya, pemanfaatan aset ini masih terbatas. Keterbatasan tersebut disebabkan oleh adanya disharmoni regulasi antara peraturan keuangan negara dan peraturan sektoral di bidang penerbangan, khususnya terkait izin operasional yang diatur dalam Undang Undang penerbangan Nomor 1 tahun 2009 dimana PPIC status sebagai angkutan udara bukan niaga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundangundangan dan konseptual, serta didukung oleh pendekatan empiris melalui wawancara dengan pengelola BLU, pejabat Kementerian Perhubungan. . Grand theory yang digunakan adalah teori hukum pembangunan untuk menganalisis kontribusi pengelolaan aset terhadap pembangunan nasional. Middle theory-nya adalah teori sistem hukum yang mengkaji keterpaduan antar aturan, sedangkan applied theory yang digunakan adalah teori kepastian hukum, untuk melihat bagaimana norma hukum dapat dilaksanakan secara efektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun secara normatif PPIC sebagai BLU diberi keleluasaan dalam pengelolaan keuangan dan aset, namun dalam praktiknya masih terdapat berbagai kendala. Hal ini termasuk ketidaksesuaian antara izin operasi penerbangan yang melarang pemanfaatan pesawat untuk tujuan komersial, dengan amanat PP BLU yang justru mendorong penggunaan aset untuk menghasilkan layanan publik bernilai ekonomi. Selain itu, keterbatasan pemahaman SDM terhadap regulasi BLU, keterlibatan yang minim dari dewan pengawas, serta prosedur penetapan tarif layanan yang panjang turut menghambat kinerja BLU secara optimal. Dari penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan menyatakan bahwa pengaturan hukum terkait pengelolaan aset BLU masih belum sepenuhnya harmonis, khususnya dalam konteks sektor pendidikan kedinasan penerbangan seperti PPIC. Akibatnya, aset potensial seperti pesawat latih belum dapat digunakan untuk mendukung peningkatan layanan maupun kontribusi terhadap keuangan negara secara maksimal. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan harmonisasi regulasi antara aturan BLU dengan ketentuan sektor penerbangan, termasuk revisi terhadap Undang Undang penerbangan untuk disesuaikan dengan kondisi saat ini . Untuk mempercepat pendapatan pada PPIC maka perlu segera disusun Keputusan bersama antara kementerian keunagn dengan Kementerian perhubungan agar memungkinkan adanya kerjasama yang legal dalam pemanfaatan aset tanpa menyalahi hukum penerbangan. HARMONIZATION OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS IN PUBLIC SERVICE AGENCY Keyword: Public Service Agency (BLU), Financial Management, Public Services, Regulation, Civil Service College In the era of globalization, the demand for more efficient, accountable, and professionalism is increasing. The government has carried out reforms in various sectors, including in the financial management of civil service college, by changing the status of institutions in the form of working units (Satker) into Public Service Agencies (BLU). This study discusses the harmonization of financial management regulations in Civil Service College with the status of Public Service Agencies (BLU), with a focus on the Politeknik Penerbangan Indonesia Curug(PPIC). The transformation of institutions from working units (Satker) into BLU with the aims to increase flexibility and effectiveness in financial management and public services. This change aims to provide flexibility in financial management, increase service effectiveness, and encourage the principles of efficiency and productivity. However, the implementation of this policy faces various challenges, such as overlapping regulations, limited asset utilization, and lack of understanding of managing BLU’s system. Based on these problems, this study uses several main theories, namely the Theory of Development Law to analyze the relationship between regulatory changes and development of the education sector, the Theory of Legal Systems to assess regulatory consistency in the implementation of BLU, and the Theory of Legal Certainty to examine the legal aspects and legal protection for BLU’s implementer. These three theories are used to analyze how ”regulation harmonization” can support BLU in financial management with more effective and efficient. This study uses a qualitative method with a normative and empirical legal approach, Literature studies were conducted on various related regulations, such as Law Number 17 of 2003 concerning State Finance, Law Number 1 of 2004 concerning State Treasury, and Government Regulation Number 23 of 2005 concerning Financial Management of Public Service Agencies and Law Number 1 of 1990 concerning Aviation. These laws provides a legal basis for BLU to manage its finances more flexibly than regular work units, such as the authority to set service rates, manage assets, and manage cash and investment to improve efficiency. However, during its implementation, this study found a number of problems in the implementation of public services. This study identified various problems in the implementation of BLU, such as overlapping regulations, limited asset utilization, and lack of awareness in human resources knowledge related to mechanisms in BLU. In addition, the interdependence on ministries in determining service rates and asset management is still an obstacle in optimizing BLU. In addition, this study also involved interviews with stakeholders in civil service universities that have changed status to BLU, especially in the aviation sector. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with BLU implementers, officials at the Ministry of Transportation. This study also conducted direct observations of the implementation of BLU policies at the Indonesian Aviation Polytechnic Curug (PPIC) as one of the civil service educational institutions under the Ministry of Transportation that has implemented the BLU model since 2015. The results of the study indicate that although BLU is given flexibility in financial management, there are still various obstacles in its implementation. One of the main problems is the lack of optimization in utilizing assets, especially in the management of educational facilities and equipment rental, due to regulations that are not yet integrated with BLU policies. In addition, there are still indications of a lack of awareness in human resources knowledge in managing BLU professionally in accordance with the principles of accountability and transparency. Regulations regarding the determination of service rates also still require approval from the technical ministry and the Ministry of Finance, thus limiting the independence of BLU in determining its financial policies. Based on these findings, the study recommends the need for clearer harmonization of regulations so that BLU can operate with flexibility without ignoring the principle of accountability. The government needs to formulate more adaptive policies in regulating the utilization of BLU assets and provide training to implementers so that they have adequate competency. With more integrated regulations and increased implementer’s capacity, it is expected that BLU can be more optimal in improving the quality of civil service education services and supporting the development of more competitive in human resources.

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