Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Pemberi Kerja Terhadap Kecelakaan Kerja Yang Mengakibatkan Kematian

Lumanauw, William Markus Lumanauw (2026) Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Pemberi Kerja Terhadap Kecelakaan Kerja Yang Mengakibatkan Kematian. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) adalah upaya sistematis untuk menjamin dan melindungi keselamatan serta kesehatan pekerja (baik fisik maupun mental) melalui pencegahan kecelakaan kerja dan penyakit akibat kerja, dengan menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang aman, sehat, dan nyaman agar produktivitas meningkat. Penelitian ini membahas pertanggungjawaban hukum pemberi kerja dan perlindungan hukum pekerja atas kecelakaan kerja yang dengan Putusan Nomor 12/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2023/PN Ptk Jo. Putusan Nomor 1049 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2023. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, serta pendekatan kasus pada dua putusan pengadilan. Kerangka teori mencakup perlindungan hukum menurut Philipus M. Hadjon (preventif dan represif) serta tanggung jawab hukum Hans Kelsen (individu, kolektif, berdasarkan kesalahan/mutlak). Sumbr bahan hukum sekunder yang diperoleh memalui buku-buku hukum serta literatur dan bahan hukum tersier yang berupa kamus. Hasil Analisis menunjukan bahwa Teori perlindungan hukum menekankan kewajiban negara untuk menjamin hak dasar dan martabat pekerja melalui instrumen preventif dan represif, yang di Indonesia telah diatur secara komprehensif dalam regulasi, namun, efektivitas sistem ini sering kali terhambat oleh lemahnya komitmen pengusaha dan ketidakkonsistenan penegakan hukum, sebagaimana tercermin dalam kasus kematian Kamaru Zaini. Meskipun awalnya gugatan ahli waris ditolak karena ketidakjelasan status kerja, Mahkamah Agung akhirnya menegaskan bahwa hubungan kerja substantif (PKWTT) mewajibkan perusahaan sepenuhnya bertanggung jawab atas penerapan standar K3 dan pendaftaran BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. / Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) represents a systematic effort to ensure and protect workers' safety and health (both physical and mental) by preventing work accidents and occupational illnesses, through the creation of a safe, healthy, and comfortable work environment that enhances productivity. This research examines the legal responsibility of employers and the legal protection of workers in cases of work accidents, as reflected in Decision No. 12/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2023/PN Ptk jo. Decision No. 1049 K/pdt.Sus-PHI/2023. The study employs a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and a case approach focusing on two court decisions. The theoretical framework encompasses legal protection according to Philipus M. Hadjon (preventive and repressive) as well as legal responsibility per Hans Kelsen (individual, collective, based on fault/strict liability). Secondary legal materials were sourced from legal books and literature, while tertiary materials consisted of dictionaries. The analysis reveals that the theory of legal protection emphasizes the state's obligation to guarantee workers fundamental rights and dignity through preventive and repressive instruments, which in Indonesia are comprehensively regulated. However, the effectiveness of this system is often hindered by weak employer commitment and inconsistent law enforcement, as evidenced in the death case of Kamaru Zaini. Although the heirs' claim was initially rejected due to unclear employment status, the Supreme Court ultimately affirmed that a substantive employment relationship (PKWTT) obligates the company to fully bear responsibility for implementing OSH standards and registering with BPJS Ketenagakerjaan.

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