Pengaruh Soiling Kering Dan Basah Terhadap Efisiensi Panel Surya Monokristalin Dan Polikristalin Pada Pengujian Indoor Terkontrol (Tropis Lembap)

Kurnia, Asep Mula (2026) Pengaruh Soiling Kering Dan Basah Terhadap Efisiensi Panel Surya Monokristalin Dan Polikristalin Pada Pengujian Indoor Terkontrol (Tropis Lembap). S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Peningkatan pemanfaatan sistem fotovoltaik di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan berupa penurunan kinerja panel surya akibat fenomena soiling, yaitu akumulasi debu dan kontaminan pada permukaan modul yang menghambat transmisi radiasi matahari ke sel fotovoltaik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh soiling terhadap efisiensi panel surya monokristalin dan polikristalin serta membandingkan sensitivitas kedua jenis panel terhadap kontaminasi permukaan pada kondisi tropis lembap. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen kuantitatif berbasis laboratorium (Indoor) menggunakan dua modul fotovoltaik berkapasitas 50 Wp. Pengujian dilakukan dengan sumber cahaya buatan berupa lampu halogen 1000 W pada kondisi soiling kering dan soiling basah. Variasi soiling kering diberikan dalam massa 2 gram, 5 gram, dan 10 gram, sedangkan soiling basah diberikan melalui penyemprotan air sebanyak 5 mL, 10 mL, dan 20 mL. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi tegangan, arus, daya keluaran, efisiensi, serta karakteristik kurva I–V dan P–V. Penggunaan lampu halogen dalam penelitian ini tidak dimaksudkan sebagai solar simulator yang memenuhi standar IEC 60904-9, sehingga nilai efisiensi yang diperoleh merupakan efisiensi relatif pada kondisi pengujian yang terkontrol. Namun demikian, perbandingan kinerja antarvariasi soiling tetap valid karena intensitas pencahayaan dan kondisi pengujian dijaga konstan selama eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan tingkat soiling menyebabkan penurunan daya keluaran dan efisiensi pada kedua jenis panel surya. Penurunan performa terbesar terjadi pada kondisi soiling kering akibat terhambatnya transmisi radiasi oleh lapisan debu yang menutupi permukaan modul. Sebaliknya, soiling basah menunjukkan kinerja yang relatif lebih baik karena keberadaan lapisan air tipis dapat mengurangi efek hamburan cahaya. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi mengenai pengaruh kontaminasi permukaan terhadap karakteristik listrik dan performa panel surya serta dapat menjadi dasar bagi penelitian lanjutan pada kondisi lapangan yang sebenarnya. / The increasing utilization of photovoltaic systems in Indonesia faces challenges related to the decline in solar panel performance caused by soiling, which refers to the accumulation of dust particles and contaminants on the module surface that obstruct the transmission of solar radiation to photovoltaic cells. This study aims to analyze the effect of soiling on the efficiency of monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar panels and to compare the sensitivity of both panel types to surface contamination under humid tropical conditions. A quantitative experimental method was employed using two 50 Wp photovoltaic modules in a controlled laboratory (Indoor) environment. Testing was conducted using a 1000 W halogen lamp as an artificial light source under dry and wet soiling conditions. Dry soiling was applied at masses of 2 g, 5 g, and 10 g, while wet soiling was introduced through water spraying volumes of 5 mL, 10 mL, and 20 mL. The analyzed parameters included voltage, current, output power, efficiency, and the characteristics of I–V and P–V curves. The halogen lamp used in this study was not intended to function as a solar simulator compliant with IEC 60904-9 standards; therefore, the efficiency values obtained represent relative efficiency under the specific testing conditions rather than absolute efficiency under Standard Test Conditions (STC). Nevertheless, performance comparisons among different soiling levels remain valid because the illumination intensity and testing conditions were maintained constant throughout the experiments. The results indicate that increasing soiling levels lead to reductions in output power and efficiency for both types of solar panels. The most significant performance degradation occurred under dry soiling conditions due to the obstruction of solar radiation transmission by the dust layer covering the module surface. In contrast, wet soiling conditions exhibited relatively better performance because the presence of a thin water layer helped reduce light scattering effects on the panel surface. This study provides insights into the influence of surface contamination on the electrical characteristics and performance of solar panels and may serve as a reference for further field based investigations under actual operating conditions.

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