PERANCANGAN SISTEM TRANSMISI PADA MESIN PENCACAH BOTOL PLASTIK (PET) TIPE SHREDDER DENGAN PENGGERAK MOTOR LISTRIK 1 HP

ALBERT, HALIO (2026) PERANCANGAN SISTEM TRANSMISI PADA MESIN PENCACAH BOTOL PLASTIK (PET) TIPE SHREDDER DENGAN PENGGERAK MOTOR LISTRIK 1 HP. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian berjudul “Perancangan Sistem Transmisi pada Mesin Pencacah Botol Plastik (PET) Tipe Shredder dengan Penggerak Motor Listrik 1 HP” dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya jumlah limbah plastik, khususnya botol berbahan Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), yang membutuhkan solusi pengolahan lebih efisien. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan adalah pencacahan mekanis dengan mesin shredder, sehingga ukuran plastik menjadi lebih kecil dan mudah diolah kembali. Fokus penelitian ini adalah merancang sistem transmisi sabuk V tipe A yang menghubungkan motor listrik 1 HP dengan poros pencacah, serta menganalisis kinerja mesin melalui perhitungan teoritis dan pengujian aktual. Tahapan penelitian meliputi perhitungan dimensi puli, panjang sabuk, tegangan sabuk, poros, pasak, serta rancangan mata pisau pencacah. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan putaran poros pencacah sebesar ±3866,7 rpm dengan kapasitas teoritis input mesin mencapai 1365 gram/menit. Pengujian dilakukan dengan dua metode pengumpanan, yaitu satu per satu dan bersamaan. Hasil pengujian aktual menunjukkan kapasitas output sebesar 39,32 gram/menit pada metode satu per satu dan 57,26 gram/menit pada metode bersamaan. Efisiensi mesin yang diperoleh berkisar antara 2,88% hingga 4,19%, jauh di bawah kapasitas teoritis. Rendahnya efisiensi disebabkan oleh keterbatasan jumlah material input, sehingga tidak semua mata shredder berinteraksi langsung dengan botol plastik yang dicacah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa mesin pencacah telah berfungsi sesuai rancangan, namun kinerjanya masih perlu dioptimalkan. Perbaikan dapat dilakukan melalui modifikasi desain mata pisau, peningkatan sistem pengumpanan, serta pengujian dengan variasi material dan jumlah input yang lebih besar. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar pengembangan mesin pencacah plastik yang lebih efisien, handal, dan aplikatif dalam mendukung upaya pengelolaan limbah plastik secara berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci Mesin pencacah plastik, sistem transmisi, sabuk V, puli, shredder / The study entitled “Design of Transmission System on Plastic Bottle (PET) Shredder Machine Driven by 1 HP Electric Motor” was conducted to address the growing problem of plastic waste, particularly Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles, by developing a mechanical shredding solution. The research focuses on the design and analysis of a V-belt transmission system that connects a 1 HP electric motor to the shredder shaft, ensuring reliable power transfer and operational safety. Technical calculations were carried out for pulley dimensions, belt length, belt tension, shaft design, key dimensions, and shredder blade configuration. Theoretical analysis indicated that the shredder shaft rotates at approximately 3866.7 rpm, with an ideal input capacity of 1365 grams per minute. Experimental testing was performed using two feeding methods: single-bottle feeding and simultaneous feeding of three bottles. The results revealed that the actual output capacity was 39.32 grams per minute for single-bottle feeding and 57.26 grams per minute for simultaneous feeding. Consequently, the machine efficiency ranged between 2.88% and 4.19%, significantly lower than the theoretical capacity. The low efficiency is attributed to limited material input, which prevents all shredder blades from engaging effectively with the plastic bottles. This study concludes that the shredder machine operates according to its design but requires further optimization to improve performance. Future improvements may include modifications to blade geometry, enhancements in the feeding mechanism, and testing with larger input volumes to increase efficiency. The findings are expected to serve as a foundation for the development of more efficient and reliable plastic shredding machines, supporting sustainable waste management practices. Keywords Plastic shredder machine, transmission system, V-belt, pulley, shredder blades

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