Analisis Hukum Perjanjian Untung-Untungan Terhadap Undian dalam Game Online Menurut Perspektif Hukum di Indonesia

Marbun, Caroline Zilena (2026) Analisis Hukum Perjanjian Untung-Untungan Terhadap Undian dalam Game Online Menurut Perspektif Hukum di Indonesia. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Sistem undian dalam game online menciptakan hubungan hukum yang kompleks antara player dan penyelenggara game online. Namun, transaksi ini kerap dikemas dalam klausula baku yang menempatkan player pada posisi lemah. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kedudukan dan perspektif player sebagai konsumen pada perjanjian untung-untungan melalui klausula baku undian dalam game online dan bagaimana peran dan upaya negara mengawasi penyelenggara game online untuk mencegah pelanggaran hukum perjanjian untung-untungan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Data bersumber adalah data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer: KUHPerdata, UU No. 8 Tahun 1999, UU No. 1 Tahun 2024, PP No. 71 Tahun 2019, Permenkominfo No. 2 Tahun 2024. Bahan hukum sekunder diperoleh dari buku-buku dan literatur lain, bahan hukum tersier berupa kamus, yang kemudian bahan hukum yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan player adalah konsumen yang dilindungi UU Perlindungan Konsumen. Meskipun Terms and Conditions menetapkan pilihan hukum (choice of law) dan forum asing, player Indonesia tetap terlindungi oleh prinsip mandatory rules dan public policy (ketertiban Umum) Indonesia yang bersifat memaksa. Secara substansial, undian dalam game online sah sebagai perjanjian untung-untungan dan bukan perjudian pidana selama tidak memfasilitasi penukaran uang asli (Cash Out). Negara berperan melakukan pengawasan melalui pendaftaran Penyelenggaraan Sistem Elektronik (PSE) dan klasifikasi gim, serta menjamin hak player untuk menempuh upaya hukum penyelesaian sengketa melalui Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) yang mengesampingkan klausula arbitrase asing yang merugikan. Kata kunci: Perjanjian Untung-Untungan, Undian, Game Online / The lottery system in online games creates a complex legal relationship between players and online game organizers. However, this transaction is often packaged in a standard clause that puts the player in a weak position. The formulation of this research problem is how players position and perspective as consumers on a profit agreement through a lottery clause in an online game and how the state's role and efforts supervise online game organizers to prevent violations of the profit agreement law. The research method used is normative law with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Data sourced are secondary data in the form of primary legal materials: Civil Code, Law Number 8 of 1999, Law Number 1 of 2024, Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019, Minister of Communication and Information Number 2 of 2024. While secondary legal materials are obtained from books and other literature, tertiary legal materials are dictionaries, which are then collected qualitatively analyzed. Research results show that the player's position is a consumer protected by the Consumer Protection Act. Although the Terms and Conditions stipulate the choice of law and foreign forums, Indonesian players are still protected by Indonesia's coercive mandatory rules and public policy (Public order) principles. In substance, lottery in online games is valid as a profit-and-loss agreement rather than criminal gambling as long as it does not facilitate the exchange of real money (cash Out). The state has the role of supervising through the registration of Electronic System Implementation (PSE) and the classification of games, and guaranteeing players' right to pursue legal dispute resolution efforts through the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK) that rules out adverse foreign arbitration clauses. Keywords: Aleatory Agreement, Lottery, Online Game.

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