PENGARUH CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO, DAN NON-PERFORMING LOAN TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSET PADA BANK KBMI-4

Zen, Thomas (2025) PENGARUH CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO, DAN NON-PERFORMING LOAN TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSET PADA BANK KBMI-4. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), dan Non-Performing Loan (NPL) terhadap Return on Asset (ROA) pada bank-bank kelompok KBMI 4 di Indonesia selama periode 2021–2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain asosiatif kausal dan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda. Sampel terdiri dari empat bank, yaitu PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank Central Asia Tbk, dan PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, dengan total 64 observasi triwulanan. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa model regresi yang digunakan signifikan secara simultan dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05) dan nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,486, yang berarti 48,6% variasi ROA dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel CAR, DER, LDR, dan NPL. Secara parsial, variabel CAR memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap ROA dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 dan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,127. DER juga menunjukkan pengaruh positif signifikan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,003 dan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,066. LDR memiliki pengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap ROA dengan nilai signifikansi 0,174 dan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,013. Sementara itu, NPL memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ROA dengan nilai signifikansi 0,002 dan koefisien regresi sebesar -0,111. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rasio CAR, DER, dan NPL merupakan faktor yang secara statistik berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas bank, sedangkan LDR tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan selama periode penelitian. / This study aims to analyze the influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Non-Performing Loan (NPL) on Return on Assets (ROA) in banks categorized under KBMI 4 in Indonesia during the 2021–2024 period. The research adopts a quantitative approach with an associative-causal design and employs multiple linear regression analysis. The sample consists of four banks—PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank Central Asia Tbk, and PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk—resulting in a total of 64 quarterly observations. The statistical analysis indicates that the regression model is significant with a simultaneous F-test p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.486, implying that 48.6% of the variation in ROA can be explained by CAR, DER, LDR, and NPL. Partially, CAR shows a positive and significant effect on ROA with a significance value of 0.000 and a regression coefficient of 0.127. DER also has a significant positive influence with a p-value of 0.003 and a coefficient of 0.066. LDR presents a positive but statistically insignificant relationship with ROA (p = 0.174; coefficient = 0.013). NPL, on the other hand, exhibits a significant negative influence on ROA with a p-value of 0.002 and a regression coefficient of -0.111. These results indicate that CAR, DER, and NPL are statistically significant predictors of bank profitability, whereas LDR does not have a significant effect during the observed period.

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