Putra, Yushar Catrena (2026) Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Pertanggungjawaban Pribadi Mantan Direksi atas Utang Pajak Pasca Kepailitan Perseroan Menurut Undang-Undang Ketentuan Umum dan Tata Cara Perpajakan serta Undang-Undang Kepailitan (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 41/PUU-XVIII/ 2020). S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.
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Abstract
ABSTRAK A. Nama : Yushar Catrena Putra B. NIM : 2340058027 C. Bagian : Praktisi Hukum D Judul : : Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Pertanggungjawaban Pribadi Mantan Direksi atas Utang Pajak Pasca Kepailitan Perseroan Menurut Undang-Undang Ketentuan Umum dan Tata Cara Perpajakan serta Undang-Undang Kepailitan (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 41/PUU-XVIII/ 2020). E. Halaman : i – xv, 97 Halaman + Daftar Pustaka. F. Kata Kunci : Pertanggungjawaban Pribadi Direksi, Utang Pajak,: Kepailitan Perseroan, UU KUP, Putusan Mahkamah ; Konstitusi 41/PUU-XVIII/2020. G. Ringkasan Isi : Ketegangan normatif dalam praktik penegakan hukum tercermin pada perkara kepailitan PT United Coal Indonesia (PT UCI), ketika utang pajak yang telah dimasukkan ke dalam daftar piutang boedel pailit dan diselesaikan oleh kurator berdasarkan penetapan hakim pengawas tetap ditagih oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pajak kepada mantan direksi secara pribadi, sehingga menimbulkan problematika keadilan substantif dan menunjukkan ketidakharmonisan antara rezim hukum perpajakan dan hukum kepailitan dalam penafsiran batas pertanggungjawaban pribadi pengurus pascakepailitan. Rumusan masalah mencakup: (1) pertanggungjawaban pribadi mantan pengurus perseroan terhadap utang pajak setelah perseroan dinyatakan pailit menurut ketentuan UU KUP dan UU Kepailitan dan (2) konsekuensi ketidakpastian hukum atas tidak dicantumkannya insolvensi sebagai dasar penghapusan NPWP dalam UU KUP memengaruhi perlindungan hak konstitusional mantan direksi perseroan pailit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertanggungjawaban pribadi mantan pengurus perseroan atas utang pajak pascakepailitan dalam perspektif UU KUP dan UU Kepailitan, termasuk implikasi ketiadaan pengaturan insolvensi sebagai dasar penghapusan NPWP terhadap kepastian dan perlindungan hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertanggungjawaban pribadi mantan pengurus atas utang pajak pascakepailitan pada prinsipnya tidak dibenarkan menurut UU KUP, UU Kepailitan, dan Putusan MK No. 41/PUU-XVIII/2020, kecuali terbukti adanya kesalahan atau kelalaian sebelum pailit yang menyebabkan utang pajak tidak tertagih. Kemudian ketiadaan pengaturan insolvensi sebagai dasar penghapusan atau penyesuaian NPWP dalam UU KUP menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan berpotensi membebani mantan direksi dengan kewajiban pajak di luar kapasitas hukumnya, sehingga bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum dan perlindungan konstitusional. Hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori kepastian hukum dan teori pertanggungjawabn direksi. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tanggung jawab pribadi mantan pengurus atas utang pajak pascakepailitan hanya dimungkinkan secara eksepsional apabila terbukti kesalahan sebelum pailit, sedangkan selebihnya berada pada kurator dan boedel pailit. Sedangkan tidak diaturnya insolvensi sebagai dasar penghapusan atau penyesuaian NPWP menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi mantan direksi dan menuntut pembaruan regulasi. H. Daftar Acuan : 18 Buku + 3 Peraturan perundang-undangan + 1 Artikel Ilmiah + 14 Internet. I. Dosen Pembimbing I : Prof. Dr. Hulman Panjaitan, S.H., M.H. Dosen Pembimbing II : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hendri Jayadi, S.H., M.H."/ABSTRACT A. Name : Yushar Catrena Putra B. NIM : 2340058027 C. Major : Legal Practitioner D. Title : Legal Review of the Personal Liability of Former Directors for Tax Debts Following the Company's Bankruptcy According to the Law on General Provisions and Tax Procedures and the Bankruptcy Law (Study of Constitutional Court Decision Number 41/PUU-XVIII/2020) E. Page : i – xv, 97 pages + Bibliography F. Keywords : Personal Liability of Directors, Tax Debts, Company Bankruptcy, KUP Law, Constitutional Court Decision 41/PUU-XVIII/2020 G. Summary : This study examines the normative tension between tax law and insolvency law in Indonesia, as reflected in the bankruptcy case of PT United Coal Indonesia (PT UCI), where tax liabilities that had been included in the bankruptcy estate (boedel pailit) and settled by the curator pursuant to a supervisory judge’s order were nonetheless pursued personally against former directors by the Directorate General of Taxes. This practice raises issues of substantive justice and demonstrates disharmony in interpreting the limits of personal liability of corporate officers after bankruptcy. Accordingly, the research addresses two main problems: (1) the personal liability of former corporate management for tax debts after the company has been declared bankrupt under the General Tax Provisions and Procedures Law (UU KUP) and the Bankruptcy Law; and (2) the legal consequences of the absence of insolvency as a ground for the deregistration or adjustment of a taxpayer identification number (NPWP) under the UU KUP in relation to the constitutional rights of former directors. Using a normative juridical approach grounded in legal certainty theory and directors’ liability theory, this study finds that personal liability of former directors for post-bankruptcy tax debts is, in principle, unjustifiable under the UU KUP, the Bankruptcy Law, and Constitutional Court Decision No. 41/PUU-XVIII/2020, except where concrete fault or negligence prior to bankruptcy is proven to have caused the tax debt to become uncollectible. Furthermore, the absence of explicit regulation on insolvency as a basis for NPWP deregistration creates significant legal uncertainty and risks imposing tax obligations on former directors beyond their legal capacity, thereby undermining legal certainty and constitutional protection. The study concludes that directors’ personal liability after bankruptcy is strictly exceptional, while the remaining responsibility for tax settlement rests with the curator and the bankruptcy estate, and that regulatory reform is necessary to integrate insolvency status into tax administration. H. Reference List : 18 Books + 3 Legislation + 1 Scientific Articles + 14 Internet. I. Supervisor I : Prof. Dr. Hulman Panjaitan, S.H., M.H.. Supervisor II : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hendri Jayadi, S.H., M.H.
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