Saputra, Ramdan Hadi (2026) ANALISIS YURIDIS PERUBAHAN DELIK PENGHINAAN PRESIDEN DARI DELIK BIASA MENJADI DELIK ADUAN DAN AKIBAT HUKUMNYA MENURUT KUHP LAMA DAN KUHP BARU (UNDANG – UNDANG NO.1 TAHUN 2023). S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.
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Abstract
embaharuan hukum pidana nasional melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana membawa perubahan signifikan terhadap pengaturan tindak pidana penghinaan Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden. Perubahan tersebut ditandai bagaimana perbedaan penghinaan pribadi dengan penghinaan dalam jabatan Presiden dan bagaimana penghinaan Presiden dari delik biasa menjadi delik aduan. Perubahan ini menimbulkan perdebatan hukum, khususnya terkait perlindungan martabat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara yuridis pengaturan tindak pidana penghinaan Presiden setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 serta implikasi perubahan sifat delik tersebut terhadap penegakan hukum pidana di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan enghinaan Presiden menjadi delik aduan dimaksudkan untuk mencegah kriminalisasi berlebihan terhadap kritik yang bersifat konstruktif, sekaligus membeikan perlindungan hukum yang proporsional terhadap kehormatan Presiden. Namun demikian, penerapannya memerlukan kehati-hatian aparat penegak hukum agar tidak menimbulkan multitafsir yang berpotensi membatasi kebebasan berekspresi. / The reform of Indonesia’s national criminal law through Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code introduces significant changes in the regulation of offenses against the dignity of the President and/or Vice President The change is reflected in the clear distinction between insults directed at the President in a personal capacity and those directed at the President in the exercise of his official functions, as well as in the reclassification of the offense of insulting the President from an ordinary offense to a complaint-based offense. This shift has generated legal debate, particularly regarding the balance between protecting the President’s dignity and safeguarding freedom of expression in a democratic rule of law. This study aims to juridically analyze the regulation of the offense of insulting the President under Law Number 1 of 2023 and to examine the legal implications of changing the nature of the offense. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials are analyzed qualitatively to obtain comprehensive and systematic conclusions. The findings indicate that the transformation into a complaint-based offense is intended to prevent excessive criminalization of legitimate criticism while ensuring proportional legal protection for the President’s honor.
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