KEPATUHAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN MANOKWARI SELATAN DALAM UPAYA OPTIMALISASI PENYELENGGARAAN PROGRAM JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL - KARTU INDONESIA SEHAT (JKN-KIS)

KRAAKE, TONNY ADRIAN (2025) KEPATUHAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN MANOKWARI SELATAN DALAM UPAYA OPTIMALISASI PENYELENGGARAAN PROGRAM JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL - KARTU INDONESIA SEHAT (JKN-KIS). S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Hak atas jaminan sosial kesehatan merupakan hak asasi warga negara Indonesia yang dijamin dalam sila kelima Pancasila, UUD 1945 Pasal 28 H, dan berbagai peraturan, termasuk Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, serta Undang- Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2004 dan Nomor 24 Tahun 2011 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional (SJSN) dan Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) melalui BPJS Kesehatan dan Kartu Indonesia Sehat (KIS) bertujuan memastikan akses kesehatan yang merata, murah, dan berkualitas bagi seluruh rakyat. Pemerintah terus mengupayakan pemerataan kesehatan melalui kebijakan, termasuk Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 2022, yang mendorong kewajiban keikutsertaan dalam JKN sebagai syarat berbagai layanan publik, sebagai wujud nyata penerapan negara kesejahteraan. Adapun permasalahan pertama ialah mengapa harus ada upaya Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan dalam mengoptimalisasikan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional-Kartu Indonesia Sehat (JKN-KIS) melalui penyediaan sarana prasarana layanan Kesehatan, serta masalah yang kedua ialah Bagaimana pengaruh kepesertaan JKN-KIS yang lebih dari 95% kepesertaan BPJS Kesehatan di Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan terhadap kemanfaatan hukum yang didapatkan pada program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional BPJS Kesehatan. Untuk itu menggunakan pisau analisis yaitu teori negara kesejahteraan (welfare state) dan teori kemanfaatan hukum. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis dokumen hukum, seperti peraturan perundang- undangan yang mengatur Program JKS-KIS, dan menambahkan pendekatan sosiologis melalui survei serta wawancara untuk mengumpulkan data empiris. Pendekatan utama yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif, yang menelaah hukum sebagai norma tertulis dalam peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach), didukung oleh pendekatan sistematika hukum untuk memahami keterkaitan antara hukum dasar, Pelaksanaan program JKN-KIS di Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, termasuk ketiadaan kebijakan instrumental, dan operasional secara logis dan terstruktur. Adapun keseluruhan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa JKN-KIS di Kabupaten Manokwari strategis berupa Peraturan Daerah, kurangnya fasilitas kesehatan, minimnya tenaga medis, dan rendahnya alokasi anggaran yang belum mencapai 10% APBD sesuai Surat Edaran Mendagri. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa optimalisasi program JKN-KIS masih jauh dari konsep welfare state. Dari segi kemanfaatan, tingkat kepuasan peserta terhadap pelayanan kesehatan masih rendah akibat keterbatasan sarana prasarana, meskipun pelayanan oleh petugas kesehatan menunjukkan hasil yang cukup baik, disarankan agar pemerintah pusat lebih terlibat, fasilitas pendukung seperti akses internet dan mobilitas ditingkatkan, serta kualitas pelayanan kesehatan diperbaiki melalui pembentukan SOP dan pelatihan petugas. Kata kunci: OPTIMALISASI JKN-KIS, MANFAAT HUKUM, PELAYANAN KESEHATAN / The right to social health security is a human right of Indonesian citizens guaranteed in the fifth principle of Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution Article 28 H, and various regulations, including Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, as well as Laws Number 40 of 2004 and Number 24 of 2011 concerning the National Social Security System (SJSN) and BPJS. The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) through BPJS Health and the Healthy Indonesia Card (KIS) aims to ensure equitable, cheap, and quality access to health for all people, especially the underprivileged. The government continues to strive for equitable health through policies, including Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 2022, which encourages mandatory participation in JKN as a condition for various public services, as a concrete manifestation of implementing a welfare state that is in line with the constitutional mandate and ideals of the Indonesian nation. The South Manokwari Regency area is optimizing the National Health Insurance-Indonesia Healthy Card (JKN-KIS) program through the provision of health service infrastructure, and the second problem is how will JKN-KIS membership, which is more than 95% of BPJS Health membership in South Manokwari Regency, affect legal benefits obtained from the BPJS Health National Health Insurance program? For this reason, we use analytical tools, namely welfare state theory and legal benefit theory. This research focuses on analyzing legal documents, such as statutory regulations governing the JKS-KIS Program, and adds a sociological approach through surveys and interviews to collect empirical data. The main approach used is the normative approach, which examines law as written norms in statutory regulations (statute approach), supported by a systematic legal approach to understand the relationship between basic, instrumental, and operational law in a logical and structured manner. The implementation of the JKN-KIS program in South Manokwari Regency still faces various obstacles, including the absence of logical and structured instrumental and operational policies. Overall this research shows that JKN-KIS in Manokwari Regency is strategic in the form of regional regulations, lack of health facilities, lack of medical personnel medical, and low budget allocatio, which has not yet reached 10% of the APBD according to the Circular Letter of the Minister of Home Affairs. This shows that optimizing the JKN-KIS program is still far from the welfare state concept. In terms of usefulness, the level of participant satisfaction with health services is still low due to limited infrastructure, although services by health workers show quite good results. To increase the optimization and benefits of the program, it is recommended that the central government be more involved, support facilities such as internet access and mobility be improved, and the quality of health services be improved through the establishment of SOPs and training of officers. Keywords: JKN-KIS OPTIMIZATION, LEGAL BENEFITS, HEALTH SERVICES

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