Rekonstruksi Diskresi Kepolisian Sebagai Politik Hukum Pidana dalam Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Kelompok Kriminal Geng Motor

Lamtio, Mardonna (2025) Rekonstruksi Diskresi Kepolisian Sebagai Politik Hukum Pidana dalam Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Kelompok Kriminal Geng Motor. S3 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penegakan hukum terhadap kelompok kriminal geng motor menghadapi tantangan dalam implementasi kewenangan diskresi kepolisian. Diskresi merupakan bagian dari politik hukum pidana yang memungkinkan aparat kepolisian bertindak berdasarkan penilaian situasional untuk menegakkan ketertiban dan keamanan. Namun, diskresi yang tidak terkontrol berpotensi menimbulkan penyimpangan dan penyalahgunaan wewenang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dan menganalisis rekonstruksi diskresi kepolisian sebagai politik hukum pidana dalam penegakan hukum terhadap kelompok kriminal geng motor. Penelitian ini mengangkat tiga rumusan masalah, yaitu: Pertama, Apa regulasi kewenangan diskresi kepolisian dalam penegakan hukum terhadap kelompok kriminal geng motor; Kedua, Mengapa penggunaan diskresi kepolisian dalam penegakan hukum terhadap kelompok kriminal geng motor perlu adanya batasan; Ketiga, Bagaimana rekonstruksi diskresi kepolisian sebagai politik hukum pidana dalam penegakan hukum terhadap kelompok kriminal geng motor. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan paradigma konstruktivisme dan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, diskresi kepolisian merupakan wewenang konstitusional dan legal, yang diberikan kepada pejabat kepolisian sebagaimana tertuang dalam Pasal 18 ayat (1) UU No. 2 Tahun 2002. Akan tetapi, bentuk dan pelaksanaannya belum diatur secara rinci dan sistematis dalam kaitannya dengan fenomena kekinian, khususnya kejahatan geng motor. Belum ada regulasi spesifik dan standar operasional baku mengenai diskresi dalam penanganan geng motor menyebabkan tindakan polisi sering beragam, berisiko inkonsisten dan rentan penyalahgunaan. Kedua, kepolisian sangat diperlukan dalam penanganan geng motor, karena karakteristik kejahatannya bersifat kolektif, cepat dan sering melibatkan anak-anak. Akan tetapi, dalam hal penerapan harus mempertimbangkan prinsip hukum progresif, keadilan restoratif dan perlindungan HAM yang dapat menjadi batasan dan pengendalian diskresi kepolisian. Ketiga, diskresi kepolisian sebagai politik hukum pidana dalam penegakan hukum terhadap kelompok kriminal geng motor ialah dengan merekonstruksi Pasal 18 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) UU Nomor 2 Tahun 2002. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini ialah perlu dibentuk peraturan khusus yang merupakan turunan dari UU Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 mengenai diskresi kepolisian dalam penanganan kejahatan jalanan berbasis kelompok, seperti geng motor yang mencakup klasifikasi kejahatan jalanan, SOP penggunaan, parameter legalitas dan akuntabel serta perlu pedoman internal tentang diskresi; integritas prinsip hukum progresif dan restoratif ke dalam kebijakan polri sangat penting, khususnya untuk mendorong diversi dan pendekatan komunitas dalam penanganan geng motor anak; menolak kriminalisasi yang berlebihan; mengutamakan pembinaan dan rehabilitasi sosial; perlu pengawasan ketat agar aktivitas geng motor tidak bebas berkeliaran dengan kerjasama antara Polri dan masyarakat, karena mengancam kenyamanan dan ketertiban umum, serta reformasi pendidikan hukum dan etika kepolisian harus memperkuat pemahaman terhadap batas dan tanggung jawab penggunaan diskresi, supaya aparat tidak menggunakan kewenangan dengan cara sewenang-wenang atau tanpa akuntabilitas. Kata Kunci : Rekonstruksi Diskresi Kepolisian, Geng Motor, Kebijakan Kriminal /Law enforcement against motorcycle gang criminal groups faces challenges in the implementation of police discretionary authority. Discretion is part of criminal law policy that allows police officers to act based on situational assessments to enforce order and security. However, uncontrolled discretion has the potential to cause deviations and abuse of authority. Therefore, this study aims to reconstruct the police's discretionary authority so that it is in accordance with the principles of justice, legal certainty, and benefit in handling criminal acts committed by motorcycle gangs. This research raises three problem formulations, namely: First, What are the regulations on police discretionary authority in law enforcement against motorcycle gang criminal groups; Second, Why does the use of police discretion in law enforcement against motorcycle gang criminal groups need to be limited; Third, How is the reconstruction of police discretion as a criminal law policy in law enforcement against motorcycle gang criminal groups. This research uses a normative juridical method with a constructivist paradigm and uses a statutory, conceptual, and comparative legal approach. The results of the study show that : First, police discretion is a constitutional and legal authority granted to police officers as stipulated in Article 18 paragraph (1) of Law No. 2 of 2002. However, its form and implementation are not yet regulated in detailed and systematic manner, especially in relation to contemporary phenomena such as motorcycle gang crimes. The absence of specific regulations and standardized operational procedures on discretion in handling motorcycle gangs leads to varied police actions, which are at risk of inconsistency and abuse. Second, police authority is essential in addressing motorcycle gang crimes due to the collective, rapid, and often youth-involved nature of the offenses. However, its implementation must consider the principle of legality as long as it is exercised in accordance with police ethics, Law No. 2 of 2002, and the principles of Law No. 30 of 2014, namely for the public interest, based on objective reasons, proportional, in accordance with the law, and carried out in good faith. Third, police discretion as part of criminal law policy in enforcing the law against criminal motorcycle gangs should be realized by reconstructing Article 18 paragraph (1) and (2) of Law 2 of 2002. The recomendations from this research are the need to establish special regulations derived from Law 2 of 2002 concerning police discretion in handling group-based street crimes, such as motorcycle gangs, which include the classification of street crimes, SOPs for use, legality and accountability parameters, and the need for internal guidelines on discretion; the integrity of progressive and restorative legal principles into police policies is very important, especialy to encourage diversion and community approaches in handling child motorcycle gangs; rejcect excessive criminalization, prioritize social development and rehabilitation; the need for strict supervision so that motorcycle gang activities do not roam freely with cooperation between the Police and the community, because they threaten public comfort and order, and reform legal education and police ethics must strengthen understanding of the limits and responsibilieties of using discretion, so that officers do not use their authority arbitrarily or without accountability. Keywords : Reconstruction of Police Discretion, Motorcycle Gangs, Criminal Policy

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