STRENGTHENING CONSUMER PROTECTION IN DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON CLICK-WRAP AGREEMENTS UNDER THE CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW

Panjaitan, Hulman and Girsang, Junimart and Djanegara, Moermahadi Soerja and Fahim, Md Hasnath Kabir (2025) STRENGTHENING CONSUMER PROTECTION IN DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON CLICK-WRAP AGREEMENTS UNDER THE CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW. Jurnal Hukum UNISSULA, 41 (3). pp. 666-693. ISSN 1412-2723

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Abstract

This study examines the effectiveness of consumer protection inIndonesia’s digital transactions, with a focus on click-wrapagreements. It addresses three key questions: the normativeapplication of consumer protection laws, the practical challengesin enforcing these laws in online markets, and strategies tostrengthen legal safeguards. Using a normative and conceptualjuridical approach, the research analyzes relevant legislation,including the consumer protection law, electronic information andtransactions law, personal data protection law, GovernmentRegulation Number 80/2019, and Minister of Trade RegulationNumber 31/2023. Literature review and legal documents, such asacademic studies, court decisions, and government policies, werealso examined to assess compliance, identify ambiguous clauses,and evaluate protection mechanisms. Findings indicate that whileIndonesia has legal framework guaranteeing consumer rights toaccurate information, safety, compensation, and data privacy,practical enforcement remains limited. Click-wrap agreementsoften contain complex or non-negotiable clauses that reduceconsumers’ ability to exercise their rights. Strengthening legalmechanisms, including online dispute resolution, enhancedcapacity of the consumer dispute resolution agency, digitalconsumer literacy, and regulatory harmonization, is essential tobridge the gap between law and practice. Coordinatedimplementation of these measures can ensure effective,transparent, and equitable protection for digital consumers.

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