Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia Terhadap Pengungsi Rohingya Di Aceh Tahun 2015 Sampai 2025

Simanjuntak, Jeremi Jaya Taruna (2025) Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia Terhadap Pengungsi Rohingya Di Aceh Tahun 2015 Sampai 2025. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia terhadap pengungsi Rohingya di Aceh periode 2015–2025, yang dilatarbelakangi peningkatan arus pengungsi akibat konflik etnis di Myanmar dan keterlibatan Indonesia dalam krisis kemanusiaan meskipun bukan negara pihak Konvensi 1951. Rumusan masalah berfokus pada bagaimana dan mengapa kebijakan Indonesia terbentuk dalam penanganan pengungsi Rohingya. Menggunakan kerangka teori Foreign Policy Decision-Making (FPDM) dan Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), penelitian ini menjelaskan pengaruh faktor internal (opini publik, tekanan domestik) dan eksternal (norma internasional, tekanan kawasan, serta peran organisasi internasional). Pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif ini mengumpulkan data melalui studi dokumentasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan Kombes Pol. Dr. Benny Maringin Saragih, Kepala Bidang Penanganan Kejahatan Transnasional pada Kedeputian IV/Bidang Koordinasi Keamanan dan Ketertiban Masyarakat (BidKorkamtibmas) Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Politik, dan Keamanan (Kemenko Polkam) RI. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan Indonesia merupakan hasil pertimbangan moral, tekanan normatif global, ekspektasi regional, dan keterbatasan kapasitas negara. Peraturan Presiden No. 125 Tahun 2016 menjadi kerangka hukum utama implementasi prinsip kemanusiaan, mencakup penampungan darurat, fasilitas dasar, perlindungan hukum, dan kerja sama dengan UNHCR serta IOM. Tantangan serius muncul akibat keterbatasan pendanaan, resistensi masyarakat lokal, serta minimnya partisipasi negara ketiga dalam resettlement. Kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dalam isu pengungsi bersifat responsif, dinamis, dan lahir dari proses pengambilan keputusan yang dipengaruhi persepsi elite, tekanan politik, dan kebutuhan stabilitas domestik, merekomendasikan perlunya kebijakan pengungsi yang lebih terintegrasi, berbasis kolaborasi internasional, serta berorientasi pada sistem jangka panjang./This study analyzes the Indonesian Government's policy towards Rohingya refugees in Aceh from 2015–2025, prompted by increasing refugee flows due to ethnic conflict in Myanmar and Indonesia's involvement in humanitarian crises despite not being a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention. The research questions explore how and why Indonesia's policy was formed in the context of Rohingya refugee management. Utilizing the Foreign Policy Decision-Making (FPDM) and Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) theoretical frameworks, this study explains the influence of internal factors (public opinion, domestic pressure) and external factors (international norms, regional pressure, and the role of international organizations). This descriptive qualitative approach gathered data through document analysis and an in-depth interview with Kombes Pol. Dr. Benny Maringin Saragih, Head of Transnational Crime Handling at Deputy IV/Coordination of Security and Public Order (BidKorkamtibmas) of the Coordinating Ministry for Political, and Security Affairs (Kemenko Polkam) of Indonesia. The findings indicate that Indonesia's policy resulted from moral considerations, global normative pressure, regional expectations, and national capacity limitations. Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 serves as the primary legal framework for implementing humanitarian principles, encompassing emergency accommodation, basic facility provision, legal protection, and cooperation with UNHCR and IOM. However, limited funding, local community resistance, and minimal third-country participation in resettlement processes pose serious challenges. Indonesia's foreign policy on refugee issues is responsive, dynamic, and shaped by elite perceptions, political pressures, and domestic stability needs, recommending a more integrated, internationally collaborative, and long-term refugee policy system.

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