Aidil, Muhamad (2024) Analisis Perbandingan Pengisian Daya Baterai Sumber dari Solar Cell Menggunakan Solar Tracker dan Tanpa Solar Tracker Berbasis IoT. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.
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Abstract
Meningkatnya permintaan akan energi listrik mendorong masyarakat untuk beralih ke sumber energi alternatif seperti tenaga surya. Namun, sebagian besar panel surya yang saat ini terpasang bersifat statis, yang memengaruhi kemampuan mereka untuk menyerap sinar matahari secara optimal. Sebagai contoh, panel surya yang diposisikan datar hanya akan menyerap energi optimal pada tengah hari ketika matahari berada di sudut 20° tegak lurus. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, dirancang sistem pelacak panel surya yang memungkinkan panel mengikuti pergerakan matahari guna memaksimalkan penyerapan cahaya. Penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem pelacak panel surya menggunakan panel surya berdaya 18 watt, mikrokontroler berbasis Arduino, motor servo sebagai penggerak panel, dan Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sebagai sensor. Sistem ini mengatur posisi panel sesuai dengan intensitas cahaya yang terdeteksi oleh empat sensor LDR yang tersusun secara paralel. Penelitian ini membandingkan data antara panel surya dengan dan tanpa pelacak pada sudut 20°, menganalisis dampaknya terhadap efisiensi pengisian baterai, intensitas cahaya, dan panas permukaan pada kinerja sel surya. Sistem berbasis IoT digunakan untuk memantau tegangan baterai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pelacak secara signifikan meningkatkan penyerapan energi, terutama pada kondisi cahaya rendah di pagi dan sore hari, sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi keseluruhan. Sudut kemiringan panel surya optimal untuk penyerapan energi sepanjang tahun di Jakarta ditemukan antara 15°-20°. Pelacak juga mempercepat pengisian baterai, dengan sistem mencapai tegangan penuh lebih cepat dibandingkan panel statis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sistem pelacak panel surya memberikan manfaat yang besar dalam meningkatkan pengumpulan energi surya dan efisiensi pengisian baterai, terutama di wilayah tropis. Kata Kunci: Solar panel tracking, energi matahari, Arduino, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), efisiensi pengisian baterai, intensitas cahaya, IoT, sudut kemiringan panel surya, sistem tracking, konversi energi. / The increasing demand for electrical energy has led society to shift towards alternative energy sources such as solar power. However, most solar panels currently installed are static, which affects their ability to optimally absorb sunlight. For instance, a solar panel positioned flat will only absorb optimal energy at noon when the sun is directly overhead at a 20° angle. To address this issue, a solar panel tracking system is designed to maximize sunlight absorption by allowing the panel to follow the sun's movement. This research develops a solar panel tracking system using an 18-watt solar panel, Arduino-based microcontroller, servo motor as the panel mover, and Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) as sensors. The system adjusts the panel's position according to the light intensity detected by four LDR sensors arranged in parallel. The study compares data between solar panels with and without tracking at a 20° angle, analyzing the impact on battery charging efficiency, light intensity, and surface heat on solar cell performance. An IoT-based system is used to monitor the battery voltage. The results show that tracking systems significantly improve energy absorption, especially during low-light conditions in the morning and evening, thus increasing overall efficiency. The optimal solar panel tilt angle for year-round energy absorption in Jakarta is found to be 15°-20°. Tracking also improves battery charging speed, with the system achieving full voltage more quickly compared to a stationary panel. The study concludes that solar panel tracking systems provide substantial benefits in enhancing solar energy collection and battery charging efficiency, particularly in tropical regions. Keywords: Solar panel tracking, solar energy, Arduino, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), battery charging efficiency, light intensity, IoT, solar panel tilt angle, tracking system, energy conversion
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