Diskriminasi Kewenangan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah dalam Sistem Kelembagaan Bikameral di Indonesia

Atagoran, Hendrikus Hali (2024) Diskriminasi Kewenangan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah dalam Sistem Kelembagaan Bikameral di Indonesia. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Perihal kewenangan DPD dalam sistem bikameral pasca amendemen kelima UUD 1945 menunjukkan adanya ketimpangan kewenangan antara DPD dan DPR. Kondisi demikian menunjukan adanya ketidaksamaan peran dalam lembaga yang memiliki fungsi yang sama. Secara teoritis alasan dibentuknya lembaga DPD adalah membangun mekanisme kontrol dan keseimbangan (check and balances) antar cabang kekuasaan negara dan antar lembaga legislatif sendiri (DPR). Terjadinya ketimpangan tersebut bersintuhan dengan kedaulatan rakyat yang berimplikasi pada check and balances. Rumusan masalah penelitian adalah pertama bagaimana kedudukan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah dalam penerapan sistem bikameral, apakah telah sesuai dengan paham kedaulatan rakyat? Kedua, bagaimanakah model ideal Dewan Perwakilan Daerah dalam penerapan sistem bikameral yang selaras dengan paham kedaulatan rakyat? Jenis penelitian menggunakan jenis doktrinal (normatif). Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan historis (historical approach). Sumber data penelitian adalah data sekunder dengan pendekatan analisis kualitatif. UUD 1945 hasil amandemen keempat sama sekali belum memberikan DPD kewenangan yang seimbang dengan DPR terutama dalam hal legislasi. Kewenangan yang tidak seimbang antara DPD dan DPR tidak terlepas dari adanya determinasi antara politik dan hukum. Hal tersebut merupakan konsekuensi logis karena dalam proses amandemen konstitusi dilaksanakan oleh DPR lama dan didominasi oleh Partai Politik yang belum selesai direformasi. Dalam rangka menuju bikameralisme yang ideal guna memperkuat kedudukan DPD, maka pendekatan weak bicameralism baiknya dihindari karena akan menghilangkan tujuan dibentuknya bikameral itu sendiri, yaitu sifat saling kontrol antarkamar. Inti dari penguatan lembaga legislatif adalah kewenangan legislasi. Dengan kata lain untuk meningkatkan kualitas DPD, maka kewenangan DPD dalam hal legislasi perlu diperkuat, yakni dengan memberikan kewenangan kepada DPD untuk ikut dalam proses persetujuaan bersama. Kata Kunci : Ketimpangan Kewenangan, Sistem Bikameral, Kedaulatan Rakyat. / Representative Council’s (DPD) authority in the bicameral system after the fifth amendment of the 1945 Constitution highlights the imbalance of power between the DPD and the House of Representatives (DPR). This condition indicates an inequality in roles within institutions that share the same functions. Theoretically, the establishment of the DPD was intended to create a mechanism of control and balance (checks and balances) between branches of state power and within the legislative bodies themselves (DPR). This imbalance touches upon the sovereignty of the people, which impacts the checks and balances system. The research questions posed are: first, what is the position of the Regional Representative Council in the application of the bicameral system, and does it align with the principle of popular sovereignty? Second, what is the ideal model for the Regional Representative Council in the bicameral system that aligns with the principle of popular sovereignty? This research employs a doctrinal (normative) approach. The methods used include a statute approach, conceptual approach, and historical approach. The research data is derived from secondary sources, with qualitative analysis applied. The fourth amendment of the 1945 Constitution does not grant the DPD authority equal to that of the DPR, especially in terms of legislative power. The imbalance of authority between the DPD and the DPR is inseparable from the determination of political and legal factors. This is a logical consequence, as the constitutional amendment process was carried out by the previous DPR, which was dominated by unreformed political parties. In moving towards an ideal bicameralism that strengthens the position of the DPD, a weak bicameralism approach should be avoided as it would undermine the very purpose of bicameralism, which is the mutual control between chambers. The essence of strengthening the legislative body lies in legislative authority. In other words, to improve the quality of the DPD, its legislative powers must be strengthened, specifically by granting the DPD authority to participate in the process of mutual agreement. Keywords: Imbalance of Power, Bicameral System, Popular Sovereignty.

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