Rekonstruksi Hak Kreditor Konkuren di Dalam Undang-Undang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang untuk Keseimbangan Hak Para Kreditor = Reconstruction of The Concurrent Creditor Right in The Bankruptcy Law and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligation to Balance The Creditors Rights

Simbolon, Timotius Tumbur (2024) Rekonstruksi Hak Kreditor Konkuren di Dalam Undang-Undang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang untuk Keseimbangan Hak Para Kreditor = Reconstruction of The Concurrent Creditor Right in The Bankruptcy Law and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligation to Balance The Creditors Rights. S3 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Judul Disertasi: Rekonstruksi Hak Kreditor Konkuren Di Dalam Undang-Undang Kepailitan Dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang Untuk Keseimbangan Hak Para Kreditor Transaksi bisnis antara Kreditor dengan Debitor dalam bentuk barang, uang dan atau jasa adalah bernilai dan mengikat, yang menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban sehingga para pihak yang mengadakan transaksi harus dilindungi hukum. Ada pihak yang telah melaksanakan kewajibannya tetapi tidak memperoleh kembali haknya, hal ini menimbulkan kerugian materiil selamanya sesuai dengan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, oleh karena itu Hukum Kepailitan perlu segera ditulis ulang atau direkonstruksi. Dalam tulisan ini terdapat tiga rumusan masalah hukum pokok, yaitu Pertama: Apakah hak Kreditor Konkuren di dalam Undang-Undang Kepailitan Dan PKPU patut ditentukan oleh Hakim Pengawas; Kedua: Mengapa timbul peringkat utang untuk memperoleh harta pailit yang mengakibatkan kerugian bagi Kreditor Konkuren; Ketiga: Bagaimana paradigma baru bagi para kreditor di dalam Undang-Undang Kepailitan Dan PKPU dalam rangka pembangunan hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah yuridis normatif atau doktrinal yang didukung oleh data empiris, juga dilakukan dengan pendekatan konseptual; pendekatan perundang-undangan; pendekatan perbandingan dan pendekatan kasus. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder, dan bahan hukum dalam penulisan ini adalah bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Hasil penelitian ini memberi tiga kesimpulan yaitu Pertama: Hak Kreditor Konkuren di dalam Undang-Undang Kepailitan Dan PKPU tidak patut ditentukan oleh Hakim Pengawas tetapi ditentukan oleh Kurator; Kedua: Peringkat utang untuk memperoleh harta pailit yang merugikan Kreditor Konkuren selama ini terjadi karena tidak diterapkan “dasar penentu sebagai kreditor” atau “determinor” sesuai Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata butir ke-3 yaitu “hal tertentu”, dan juga perlu harmonisasi hukum dalam transaksi lintas batas negara; Ketiga: Paradigma baru bagi para kreditor dalam Undang-Undang Kepailitan Dan PKPU dalam konteks pembangunan hukum untuk melindungi para kreditor. Kata Kunci: Rekonstruksi, Hak-hak Kreditor Konkuren, Kepailitan, Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang, dan Keseimbangan Hak Kreditor. / ABSTRACT Dissertation Title: Reconstruction of The Concurrent Creditor Right in The Bankruptcy Law and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligation to Balance The Creditors Rights Business transactions between the Creditors and the Debtor in the form of goods, money and or services are valuable and binding, it will arise the rights and obligations so that the concluded parties must be protected by law. There are parties who have carried out their obligations but cannot regain their rights, this causes material losses forever in accordance with the Constitutional Court Judgment, therefore Bankruptcy Law needs to be immediately rewritten or reconstructed. In this paper there are three main legal problem formulations, e.g First: Are the rights of Concurrent Creditors in the Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligation (PKPU) Laws appropriate to be determined by the Supervisory Judge; Second: Why is the debt ranking to obtain bankruptcy asset have damaged of Concurrent Creditors; Third: What is the new paradigm for creditors in the Bankruptcy and PKPU Laws in the context of legal development. The research method used in this paper is normative or doctrinal juridical supported by empirical data, also carried out with a conceptual approach; legislation approach; comparative approach and case approach. The data sources used in this study are secondary data, and the legal materials in this writing are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The result of this study providing three conclusion, i.e First: The rights of Concurrent Creditors in the Bankruptcy and PKPU Laws should not be determined by the Supervisory Judge but rather by the Curator (Insolvency Practitioner); Second: The debt ranking to obtain bankruptcy assets have damaged of Concurrent Creditors and it is occurred due to the "determining basis as a creditor" or "determiner" was not applied in line with the Article of 1320 of the Civil Code of 3th clause, namely "certain object", and in the event of cross-border transactions are needed legal harmony; Third: A new paradigm for creditors in the Bankruptcy and PKPU Laws in the context of legal development to protect creditors. Keywords: Reconstruction, Concurrent Creditor Rights, Bankruptcy, Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations, and Balance of Creditors Rights.

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