Gambaran Faktor Risiko Gangguan Fungsi Kognitif pada Pasien Pascastroke di RSPAD Gatot Soebroto Bulan Desember Tahun 2017

Gradiska, Sarah Nova (2018) Gambaran Faktor Risiko Gangguan Fungsi Kognitif pada Pasien Pascastroke di RSPAD Gatot Soebroto Bulan Desember Tahun 2017. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Stroke merupakan kerusakan pada otak yang disebabkan karena gangguan peredaran darah sehingga oksigen dan nutrisi ke otak tidak terpenuhi dengan baik. Stroke menjadi penyebab kematian kedua di dunia pada tahun 2013 dan penyebab kematian pertama di Indonesia pada tahun 2014. Stroke adalah salah satu penyebab terjadinya kematian dan kecacatan. Setiap tahunnya, sekitar 15 juta orang di seluruh dunia mengalami stroke dan 30% diantaranya mengalami kecacatan termasuk gangguan fungsi kogntif. 58% pasien pascastroke mengalami gangguan kognitif dan sebagian mengalami demensia. Mengidentigikasi faktor risiko gangguan kognitif sedini mungkin dapat membantu mengurangi risiko terjadinya gangguan kognitif yang lebih berat. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi gangguan fungsi kognitif pascastroke adalah faktor usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, jenis stroke, riwayat penyakit dahulu seperti hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus, kekambuhan stroke dan frekuensi konsumsi air minum. Penelitian ini membahas tentang faktor-faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap gangguan fungsi kognitif pada pasien pascastroke di RSPAD Gatot Soebroto bulan Desember tahun 2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling. Data diperoleh dari wawancara dan melihat data rekam medis. Status kognitif menggunakan kuesioner Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Penelitian dilakukan di poliklinik saraf RSPAD Gatot Soebroto. Data dianalisis menggunakan Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap gangguan fungsi kognitif pada pasien pasca stroke adalah faktor usia dengan rentang usia > 75 tahun dan faktor kekambuhan terjadinya stroke yaitu > 2 kali. Kata kunci: faktor risiko, stroke, fungsi kognitif, Mini Mental State Examination. / Stroke is a brain damage confition which is a result of interferences in patients’ blood flow. This unfortunate occurrence hampered oxygen and nutrition supplies towards the brain. In 2013, stroke recorded as the second disease in the world which produced the most casualties that year. While in Indonesia, stroke was sentenced as the killer with the most causalties in 2014. Despite of having killed so many people, this disease is also considered as one the primary causes of disabilities. Each and every year, 15 million people in the world suffer from stroke and 30% out of that amount experienced cognitive function disorder and some of them suffer from dementia. Successfully identifying cognitive function disorders’ risk factor may be helpful in decreasing the occurring chance of havier cognitive function disorders. Some factors which contributed to occurrences of post-stroke cognitive function disorders are age factor, gender, education, type of stroke, history of previous disease like hypertention and diabetes mellitus, stroke reccurence, and water consumption frequency. This research is an observational analytic research with cross-sectional design. Sample-taking was done using total sampling method. Data were acquired from interviews and examining medical records of the patients. Cognitive states of the patients were defined by utilizing Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Research was done in neurogical policlinic in RSPAD Gatot Soebroto. Data was analyzed using ChiSquare. This research shows that risk factors which contributed towards cognitive function disorder of post-stroke patients are age factor with age range > 75 years old and stroke recurrence factor which is > 2 times. Keywords: risk factor, stroke, cognitive function, Mini mental state examination.

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