Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Prempuan Penyandang Disabilitas Korban Kekerasan Seksual melalui Sinergitas dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Terpadu

Sinombor, Sonya Hellen (2024) Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Prempuan Penyandang Disabilitas Korban Kekerasan Seksual melalui Sinergitas dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Terpadu. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Perempuan disabilitas memiliki kerentanan berlapis terhadap berbagai kekerasan. Sebagai perempuan sudah memiliki kerentanan tersendiri, apalagi sebagai perempuan disabilitas. Cara pandang masyarakat terhadap perempuan yang masih sangat kuat dipengaruhi oleh budaya patriarki, yang memandang posisi perempuan lebih rendah daripada laki-laki, menyebabkan posisi perempuan semakin lemah saat menjadi korban kekerasan, terutama kekerasan seksual. Pada perempuan disabilitas, kerentanan menjadi korban kekerasan seksual lebih besar, karena kondisi disabilitasnya. Terutama perempuan dengan disabilitas ganda atau multi. Saat menjadi korban kekerasan seksual, selain mengalami hambatan besar untuk melaporkan kasus yang dialaminya, perempuan disabilitas juga menghadapi kendala dan tantangan besar saat kasusnya dibawa ke proses hukum. Hingga kini, tidak banyak kasus kekerasan seksual yang dengan korban perempuan disabilitas lolos sampai ke pengadilan, bahkan sampai mendapatkan putusan tetap. Lemahnya perlindungan hukum terhadap perempuan korban kekerasan mendorong sejumlah organisasi perlindungan perempuan untuk mengadvokasi hadirnya sebuah sistem yang melindungi perempuan korban kekerasan, saat kasusnya diproses hukum. Sekitar 20 tahun yang lalu, lahir sebuah konsep pemikiran sistem peradilan pidana terpadu bagi perempuan berhadapan dengan hukum yang diprakarsai Komisi Nasional Antikekerasan Terhadap Perempuan (Komnas Perempuan). Gagasan tersebut kemudian diwujudkan dalam bentuk Sistem Peradilan Pidana Terpadu dalam Penanganan Kasus Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan (SPPT-PKKTP). Konsep SPPT-PKKTP adalah mendorong penegakan hukum yang berperspektif korban, terutama perempuan yang berhadapan dengan hukum, termasuk didalamnya perempuan disabilitas. Dari penelitian dan wawancara dengan sejumlah pihak, kendati sudah diluncurkan lebih dua dekade, konsep SPPT-PKKTP masih jauh dari harapan. Perlindungan hukum pada perempuan korban kekerasan seksual, terutama penyandang disabilitas, masih terkendala. Ada sejumlah faktor yang mempengaruhinya. A. Sistem peradilan pidana terpadu belum berjalan karena perbedaan pemahaman para penegak hukum dalam menangani kasus perempuan korban kekerasan seksual, termasuk Penyandang Disabilitas; B. Penanganan kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan, terutama kekerasan seksual di kalangan aparat penegak hukum (APH) di berbagai tingkatan, masih dipengaruhi budaya patriarki. C. Ketiadaan payung hukum yang akan menguatkan penerapan SPPT-PKKTP. Penelitian penulis menemukan perlindungan hukum pada perempuan Penyandang Disabilitas dengan menggunakan konsep SPPT-PKKTP bisa terlaksana jika tercipta sinergi di kalangan APH. Model sinergitas penegak hukum (APHH dan pihak terkait bisa dilihat dalam proses legislasi Undang-Undang No.12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (TPKS). Berbagai aturan yang diatur di UU TPKS dinilai sebagai terobosan dalam melindungi kepentingan korban kekerasan seksual (terutama perempuan), karena ada persamaan persepsi APH. Kata Kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, Perempuan Penyandang Disabilitas, Korban Kekerasan Seksual, Peradilan Pidana Terpadu / ABSTRACT Women with disabilities have multiple layers of vulnerability to various types of violence. As a woman you already have your own vulnerabilities, especially as a woman with a disability. Society's perspective on women is still strongly influenced by patriarchal culture, which views women's position as lower than men, causing women's position to become weaker when they become victims of violence, especially sexual violence. For women with disabilities, their vulnerability to becoming victims of sexual violence is greater, because of their disability. Including women with multiple or multiple disabilities. When they become victims of sexual violence, apart from experiencing big obstacles in reporting their cases, women with disabilities also face big obstacles and challenges when their cases are brought to the legal process. Until now, not many cases of sexual violence involving female victims with disabilities have gone to court, or even received permanent settlements. The weak legal protection for women victims of violence has encouraged a number of women's protection organizations to advocate for a system that protects women victims of violence when their cases are processed by law. Around 20 years ago, the concept of an integrated criminal system for women who were in conflict with the law was born, which was initiated by the National Commission for Anti-Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan). This idea was then realized in the form of an Integrated Criminal Justice System for Handling Cases of Violence Against Women (SPPT- PKKTP). The SPPT-PKKTP concept is to encourage law enforcement with a victim perspective, especially women who are in conflict with the law, including women with disabilities. From research and interviews with a number of parties, even though it has been launched for more than two decades, the SPPT-PKKTP concept is still far from expectations. Legal protection for women victims of sexual violence, especially those with disabilities, is still limited. There are a number of factors that influence it. A. An integrated criminal criminal system is not yet operational due to differences in understanding by law enforcers in handling cases of women victims of sexual violence, including people with disabilities; B. Handling of cases of violence against women, especially sexual violence among law enforcement officers (APH) at various levels, is still influenced by patriarchal culture. C. The absence of a legal umbrella that will strengthen the implementation of SPPT-PKKTP. The author's research found that legal protection for women with disabilities using the SPPT-PKKTP concept could be implemented if synergy was created among APH. The model of synergy between law enforcement (APHH and related parties) can be seen in the legislative process of Law No. 12 of 2022 concerning the Crime of Sexual Violence (TPKS). The various regulations regulated in the TPKS Law are considered a breakthrough in protecting the interests of victims of sexual violence (especially women ), because there are similar perceptions of APH. Keywords : Legal Protection, Women with Disabilities, Victims of Sexual Violence, Integrated Criminal Justice

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