Gambaran Karakteristik Demam Tifoid pada Anak Usia 1-18 Tahun di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung Periode Januari 2022-Mei 2023

Huda, Arini Nurul (2024) Gambaran Karakteristik Demam Tifoid pada Anak Usia 1-18 Tahun di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung Periode Januari 2022-Mei 2023. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Demam tifoid adalah penyakit menular yang mempengaruhi sistem pencernaan manusia dan disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi. Gejala klinisnya termasuk demam yang berfluktuasi dari sore hingga malam, masalah saluran pencernaan, dan dengan atau tanpa gangguan kesadaran. Tingginya prevalensi demam tifoid di kalangan anak-anak menjadi dorongan untuk penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik demam tifoid pada anak usia 1-18 tahun di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung periode Januari 2022-Mei 2023. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data sekunder yang digunakan yaitu rekam medis. Berdasarkan rekam medis dari Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung periode Januari 2022-Mei 2023 didapatkan 105 pasien yang mengalami demam tifoid dan telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian diolah menggunakan program komputer SPSS. Hasil penelitian dari 105 pasien anak usia 1-18 tahun yang mengalami demam tifoid menurut usia terbanyak yaitu usia 11 tahun ada 12 anak (11,4%). Jenis kelamin terbanyak pada laki-laki yaitu sebanyak 56 anak (53,3%). Pasien yang menderita demam tifoid yang mengalami manifestasi klinis berupa demam diatas suhu 38°C yaitu sebanyak 58 anak (55,2%), mengalami mual dan muntah 64 anak (61%), tidak mengalami diare sebanyak 89 anak (84,8%), dan tidak terjadi konstipasi sebanyak 100 anak (95,2%). Terdapatnya coated tongue sebanyak 71 anak (67,6%) dan terdapat nyeri tekan regio epigastrium yaitu 70 anak (66,7%). Pada hasil tes uji widal positif didapatkan sebanyak 65 anak (61,9%). Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa gambaran karakterisitik kejadian demam tifoid pada anak terbanyak yaitu usia 11 tahun, berjenis kelamin-laki-laki, memiliki manifestasi klinis berupa demam diatas suhu 38°C, mengalami mual dan muntah, adanya coated tongue, dan nyeri tekan regio epigastrium serta hasil tes uji widal yang positif. / Typhoid fever is an infectious disease that affects the human digestive system and is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. Clinical symptoms include fever that fluctuates from afternoon to night, gastrointestinal tract problems, and reduced or absent consciousness. The high prevalence of typhoid fever among children was the impetus for this investigation. This study aims to determine the characteristic features of typhoid fever in children aged 1-18 years at the Cakung District Health Center for the period January 2022-May 2023. This study is descriptive with a cross sectional approach. The secondary data used is medical records. Based on medical records from the Cakung District Health Center for the period January 2022-May 2023, 105 patients were found to have typhoid fever and had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study were processed using the SPSS computer program. The results of the study of 105 pediatric patients aged 1-18 years who experienced typhoid fever according to the most age, namely the age of 11 years, there were 12 children (11.4%). The highest sex in men was 56 children (53.3%). Patients suffering from typhoid fever who experienced clinical manifestations in the form of fever above 38 ° C were 58 children (55.2%), experienced nausea and vomiting 64 children (61%), did not experience diarrhea as many as 89 children (84.8%), and no constipation as many as 100 children (95.2%). There were 71 coated tongues (67.6%) and 70 children (66.7%) in epigastric region tenderness (66.7%). In the positive widal test results, 65 children (61.9%) were obtained. This study concluded that the characteristic picture of typhoid fever in most children, namely the age of 11 years, male, has clinical manifestations in the form of fever above 38 ° C, experiencing nausea and vomiting, the presence of coated tongue, and epigastric region tenderness and positive widal test results.

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