Gambaran dan Karakteristik Laparotomi Appendektomi sebagai Tatalaksana Apendisitis di Rumah Sakit Umum Universitas Kristen Indonesia pada Tahun 2020-2022

Pardede, Meiranda Rose (2024) Gambaran dan Karakteristik Laparotomi Appendektomi sebagai Tatalaksana Apendisitis di Rumah Sakit Umum Universitas Kristen Indonesia pada Tahun 2020-2022. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Apendisitis merupakan peradangan pada Appendix Vermiformis dan salah satu penyebab umum dari akut abdomen di negara berkembang. Apendisitis disebabkan oleh infeksi, obstruksi maupun kombinasi keduanya. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh data WHO (2021) yang mengatakan kejadian apendisitis cukup tinggi, yaitu di dunia mencapai 7%, Asia 2,6% dan Indonesia 7% dari total penduduk. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran dan karakteristik Laparotomi Appendektomi sebagai tatalaksana apendisitis di RSU UKI tahun 2020-2022. Variabel yang teliti ialah durasi operasi, lama rawat inap, antibiotik dan antinyeri pra dan pasca operasi, klasifikasi apendisitis, pendekatan teknik bedah dan VAS pra dan pasca-operasi. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional pendekatan retrospektif. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan total 88 sampel. Intrumen penelitian menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medik dan diolah menggunakan SPSS melalui analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pasien apendisitis yang dilakukan laparotomi appendektomi berdasarkan usia paling banyak pada rentang 25-45 tahun (44,3%), jenis kelamin terbanyak wanita (59,1%), durasi operasi terbanyak 60-90 menit (63,6%), lama rawat inap terbanyak 4-6 hari (56%), pemberian antibiotik pra-operasi (97,7%) dan pasca-operasi (98,9%) dengan jenis terbanyak Ceftriaxone, pemberian antinyeri pra-operasi (62,5%) dan pasca operasi (96,9%) dengan jenis terbanyak Ketorolac, klasifikasi apendisitis terbanyak adalah apendisitis akut (45,5%) , pendekatan teknik bedah terbanyak menggunakan insisi oblik (45,5%), VAS Pra-operasi 7-9 (83%) dan VAS Pasca-operasi 1-3 (86,4%). Kesimpulan penelitian didominasi oleh usia 25-45 tahun, wanita, lama rawat inap 4-6 hari, durasi operasi 60-90 menit, hampir seluruh pasien diberikan antibiotik pra dan pasca-operasi dengan jenis Ceftriaxone, lebih dari setengah pasien diberi antinyeri pra-operasi dan hampir semua pasien diberi antinyeri pasca-operasi dengan jenis Ketorolac, klasifikasi terbanyak apendisitis akut, pendekatan teknik bedah terbanyak insisi oblik, VAS pra-operasi 7-9 dan VAS pasca-operasi 1-3. / Appendicitis is inflammation of the vermiform appendix and is one of the common causes of acute abdomen in developing countries. Appendicitis is caused by infection, obstruction or a combination of both. This research is motivated by WHO data (2021) which states that the incidence of appendicitis is quite high, namely in the world reaching 7%, Asia 2.6% and Indonesia 7% of the total population. The aim of this research is to find out the description and characteristics of Laparotomy Appendectomy as a treatment for appendicitis at RSU UKI 2020-2022. The variables that were studied were the duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, pre- and post-operative antibiotics and painkillers, classification of appendicitis, surgical technique approach and pre- and post-operative VAS. This research is observational analytic with a cross-sectional design with a retrospective approach. Sampling used a purposive sampling method with a total of 88 samples. The research instrument uses secondary data in the form of medical records and is processed using SPSS through univariate analysis. The results of the study showed that the majority of appendicitis patients who underwent appendectomy laparotomy were based on age in the range 25-45 years (44.3%), gender was mostly female (59.1%), duration of operation was mostly 60-90 minutes (63.6%), the longest length of stay was 4-6 days (56%), pre-operative (97.7%) and post-operative antibiotics (98.9%) with the highest type being Ceftriaxone, pre-operative painkillers (62.5% ) and post-operatively (96.9%) with the most common type being Ketorolac, the most frequent classification of appendicitis is acute appendicitis (45.5%), the most surgical technical approach uses oblique incision (45.5%), Preoperative VAS 7-9 (83%) and Post-operative VAS 1-3 (86.4%). Research conclusions were dominated by age 25-45 years, women, length of stay 4-6 days, duration of operation 60-90 minutes, almost all patients were given antibiotics pre- and post-operatively with Ceftriaxone type, more than half of the patients were given pre-operative painkillers and almost all patients were given post-operative painkillers with Ketorolac type, the most classification of acute appendicitis, the most surgical technique approach was oblique incision, pre-operative VAS 7-9 and post-operative VAS 1-3.

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